BIOLOGY - UNIT 2: CHEMISTRY OF LIFE

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nucleic acids

The largest and most sophisticated molecules in a cell are _____.

vegetables

The most abundant sources of carbohydrates are:

fats

The most highly concentrated source of energy in the body is ________

8

The n = 2 shell of an atom contains a maximum of:___ electrons

Element

The number of protons in an atom determines the ______________.

phospholipids

The organic chemicals which help cell walls to conserve internal fluids are _____.

Hemoglobin

The oxygen-transporting protein in the blood is called _________________

Nitrogen

The principal elements found in living things are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and __________________.

4

The sugar-phosphate backbones of DNA are connected to one another by sequences of __ different bases.

hydrogen oxigen

The two elements besides carbon found in carbohydrates are _____.

energy output

What is expected when reactants break bonds?

Proteins

______ always contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

compound

a new substance formed by the combination of two or more different atoms

element

a substance consisting of only one type of atom

thymine

adanine

acids

are compounds that produce H+ ions in solution.

energy level

area that electrons are found around an atomic nucleus

enzyme

A catalyst for chemical reactions in biological systems is called a(n) .

polymer

A chemical compound in which each molecule is made up of two or more simpler molecules strung together.

DNA

A complex molecule containing the genetic code

lipid

A group of organic compounds including fats, steroids, and phospholipids.

protein

A large complex organic molecule consisting of a large number of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.

RNA

A nucleic acid which participates in the synthesis of proteins

starch

A polymer of glucose units

polysaccharide

A polymer of simple sugars

5000

A protein may consist of as _______ many as amino acid molecules

antibody

A protein specialized to defend the body against disease

polymerization

A reaction in which two or more molecules unite, forming a more complex molecule.

nucleic acid

A sequence of sugars, phosphates and nitrogenous organic bases

nucleic acid

A sequence of sugars, phosphates and nitrogenous organic bases: DNA and RNA

glucose

A simple sugar (C6H12O6) occurring in plant and animal tissues

catalyst

A substance that helps a reaction to take place, but does not participate in the reaction is called a(n) _____.

Acid

A substance which yields an anion plus a proton is a(n):

carbohydrate

A sugar or polymer of sugar

carbohydrate

A sugar or polymer of sugar; contains the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

disaccharide

A two-sugar polymer

hormone

Aids in the control of a specific function in the organism

Carbon

All organic molecules contain the element _____.

protons

Atomic mass is determined by the number of neutrons plus __________.

peptide

Bonds between amino acids are called ________ bonds.

base

Capable of combining with hydrogen; it normally donates a hydroxyl (OH-)

hydrolysis

Carbohydrates are converted to energy by the process of ___________________

plants

Carbohydrates are produced readily by ? .

energy

Carbohydrates are the most readily available source of _____.

steroids

Cholesterol belongs to the group of lipids called _____.

Nitrogen

In addition to the elements found in carbohydrates and lipids, proteins contain the element___________

elements

Lavoisier proposed that all matter is composed from the same _____.

carbohydrates

Lipids are chemically most similar to:

carbohydrates.

Lipids are composed of the same basic elements as ________________

organic solvents

Lipids are soluble in solvents called _______

Nucleus

Most of the mass of an atom is contained in its _____.

hereditary

Nucleic acids carry the ______ codes of life.

amino acids

Sickle-cell anemia is caused by incorrect sequencing of _____.

lipids

Steroids are:

buffer

Substances which maintain a body's pH within narrow limits are called

structure

The DNA bases are attached to the phosphate part of the ___________________

amino acid

The basic building block of proteins

hydrolysis

The breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules with water being a reactant

Hydrolysis

The breakdown of molecules by the addition of water:

monosaccharide

The building block unit of carbohydrates; a simple sugar

paired

The connecting bases of DNA are always made of _______ sets.

cytosine

guanine

dehydration

synthesis A bonding of subunits to form a polymer with the loss of water

molecule

the smallest complete unit of a compound or diatomic gas


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