BIT 4444 Exam 1 Major Topics

HTTP

"http://" indicates that the hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) should be used to obtain the resource

MIME (multipurpose internet mail extensions)

"text/html" specifies the __________ type of the content that the server is transmitting to the browser MIME standard specifies data formats, which programs can use to interpret data correctly -ex MIME text/plain indicates that the sent info is text that can be displayed directly -ex MIME type image/jpeg indicates that the content is a JPEG image -when the browser receives this MIME type, it attempts to display the image

inheritance/subclass

-new class of objects can be created quickly and conveniently by ________ -the new class absorbs the characteristics of an existing class, possible customizing them and adding unique characteristics of its own.

hyperlink

-when clicked load a specified web document -both images and text may be hyperlinked -when the user clicks a hyperlink, a web request is sent to a web server, which locates the requested web page and sends it back to the user's web browser -user can type the address of a web page into the browser's address field and press enter to view the specified page -can reference other web pages, email addresses, files, etc -if hyperlink's URL is in the form mailto: emailAddress, clicking the link loads your default email program and opens a new message window addressed to the specified email address -if a hyperlink references a file that the browser is incapable of displaying, the browser prepares to download the file, and prompts user for information about how the file should be stored

web page

HTML documents that describes to a web browser the document's content and structure

GET

HTTP method, indicating that the client wishes to obtain a resource from the server GET/books/downloads.html HTTP/1.1 -remainder of the request provides the path name of the resource (e.g. an HTML5 document) and the protocol's name and version # (HTTP/1.1)

URLs (uniform resource locators)

URIs that start with http:// URLs contain information that directs a browser to the resource that the user wishes to access

world wide web

a collection of interlinked multimedia documents that are stored on the internet and accessed using the HTTP protocol

middle tier

acts as intermediary between data in the information tier and the application's clients -controller logic-processes client requests (requests to view a product catalog) and retrieves data from database -business logic- enforces business rules and ensures that data is reliable before the application updates a database or presents data to users -presentation logic- then processes data from information tier and presents the content to the client

domain name system (DNS)

an internet ___________ server maintains a database of hostnames and their corresponding IP addresses and performs the translations automatically

server-side programming

applications that respond to requests from client-side web applications, such as searching the internet, checking your bank-account balance, ordering a book from amazon, and ordering concert tickets

client-side caching

browsers often cache (save on a disk) recently viewed web pages for quick reloading

code reuse

can reuse a class many times to build many objects -reuse of existing classes when building new classes and programs saves time and effort -helps you build more reliable and effective systems, because existing classes and components often have gone through extensive testing, debugging and performance tuning -crucial to software revolution that has been spurred by object technology

polymorphism

can take many forms

bottom tier

data tier/information tier- maintains the application's data, typically in a relational database management system (RDBMS)

internet

global system of interconnected computer networks, aka network of networks

class

houses set of methods that perform the class's tasks

URI (uniform resource identifiers)

identify resources on the internet URIs that start with http:// are called URLs

object

instance of it's class- composed of classes (attributes and methods)

portable

internet and web programming technologies are designed to be _______, allowing you to design web pages and applications that run across an enormous range of internet-enabled devices

web server

make resources available to web clients popular web servers include Apache's HTTP Server and Microsoft's internet information services (IIS)

instantiation

must build an object from a class before a program can perform the tasks that the class's methods define -process is called ________ -an object is then referred to as an instance of its class

server-side scripting

often generate custom responses for clients, more flexible

ajax

one of premier web 2.0 software technologies -helps internet-based applications perform like desktop applications-a difficult task, given that such applications suffer transmission delays as data is shuttled back and forth between your computer and servers on the internet

web

one of the services communicated via the internet

world wide web consortium (W3C)

organization devoted to developing nonproprietary, interoperable technologies for the world wide web -primary goal is to make web universally accessible-regardless of disability, language, or culture -standards organization -web technologies standardized by ____ are called recommendations -current and forthcoming W3C Recommendations include the HyperText Markeup Language 5 (HTML5), Cascading Style Sheets 3 (CSS3) and the Extensible Markup Language (XML)

method

performing a task in a program requires a ______ -method houses the program statements that actually perform its tasks -hides statements from its user

hostname

server's fully qualified ________ (e.g. www.deitel.com) the name of the web-server computer on which the resource resides

operating systems

software systems that make using computers more convenient for users, application developers and system administrators -provide services that allow each application to execute safely, efficiently and concurrently (in parallel) with other applications

property

something like "font-size" or "color"

client-side programming

technologies are used to build web pages and applications that are run on the client (i.e. in the browser on the user's device)

IP (internet protocol) Address

the hostname www.deitel.com is translated into an ____________

host

this computer is referred to as the ________, because it houses and maintains resources

three-tier architecture

top tier (user interface/client tier)- browser middle tier (business logic tier)- web server bottom tier (data tier/information tier)- database

GET Request

typically gets (or retrieves) info from a server, such as an HTML document, an image or search results based on a user-submitted search term

POST request

typically posts (or sends) data to a server -common uses of post requests are to send form data or documents to a server

client-side scripting

used to validate user input, to interact with the browser, to enhance web pages, and to add client/server communication between a browser and a web server

event

user interacts with an element in the web page -i.e. button click -typically incorporates an event handler

top tier

user interface tier/client tier

Web 2.0

web 2.0 companies use web as a platform to create collaborative, community-based sites (social networking sites, blogs, wikis)

encapsulation

wrap attributes and methods into objects - an object's attributes and methods are intimately related -objects may communicate with one another, but normally they're not allowed to know how other objects are implemented-implementation details are hidden within the objects