blood vessels of the face

carotid sinus

a swelling before common carotid artery bifurcates into internal and external carotid arteries, where pulse is palpated, carotid pulse felt in groove

venous sinuses

blood-filled space between two layers of tissue

the right side of body, common carotid and subclavian artiers are both branches from

brachiocephalic artery

sbumental artery

branch from facial artery, supplies submandibular salivary gland, and mylohyoid and digastric muscles

superior labial artery

branch from facial artery, supplies upper lip tissue

incisive artery

branch of in alv artery, divide into dental and alveolar branches, dental branches of incisive artery supply pulp tissue of mandibular anterior teeth by way of each tooth apical foramen

infraorbital artery

branches from the maxillary artery the pterygopalatine fossa and may share a common trunk with the posterior superior alveolar artery., infraorbital artery enter the orbit through inferior orbital fissure, travels in the infraorbital canal, provides orbital branches to the orbit and gives off the naterior superior alveolar artery

common carotid artery

branchless and travel up the neck, lateral to the trachea and larynx, to the upper border of the thyroid cartilage, travels in a sheath also contain internal jugular vein and 10th cranial or vagus nerve

hematoma

bruise that results when a blood vessel is injured and a small amount of blood escapes into the surrounding tissue and clots

thrombus/thrombi

clot that forms on the inner blood vessel wall

pterygoid plexus of veins

collection of small anastomsoing vessels located around ptergoid muscles and surrounding maxillary artery.

major arteries that supply head and neck are

common carotid and subclavian arteries, origin from heart, symetrically located on each side of body

anastomosis/anastomoses

communication of blood vessel with another blood vessel by a connecting channel

maxillary vein

deeper than the superficial temporal vein and begins int eh infrtemproal fossa by collecting blood from the pterygoid plexus, near the maxillary artery.

inferior alveolar artery gives off

dental and alveolar branches,

brachicephalic artery

direct branch of aorta

internal carotid artery

division that travels upward in a slight lateral position( in relationship to the external carotid artery) after leaving common carotid artery, source of opthalmic artery

lingual veins

dorsal veins that drain the dorsal surface of tongue, lingual viens drain ventral surface of tongue and sublingual veins drain floor of mouth, may join to form single vessel amy empy into larger vessels separately, may drain into facial or internal juglar vein

posterio division continues

downward course on surface of SCM, drains lateral scalp behind hear, become Ex jugular vein

superficial temporal vein

drain lateral ascalp and superfically located, drain into and form the tremoandibular vein along wit deeper maxillary vein

ophthalmic veins

drain tissues of orbit, anastomosis provides communication with cavernous venous stinus, which may becom fatally infected thru the spread of dental infection, serious because no veins have valves in head

facial vein

drains into internal jugular vein, beings meidal corner of eye with junction of two veins from frontal region

inferior labial vein

drains lower lip

submental vein

drains tissues of chin as well as submandibular region

superior labial vein

drains upper lip

posterior superior alveolar artery

enters posterior superior alveolar foramina on maxillary tuberosity and then gives off detnal branches and alveolar branches, anastomoses with anterio rsuperior alveolar artery,

anterior division of retromandibular joins

facial

facial artery

final anterior branch of external carotid artery, superior to lingual artery branches off anteriorly, runs medial to mandible, over submandibular salivary gland, then around mandible's inferior border to its lateral side, terminates at medial cnathus of ee, supplies oral, buccal, zygomatic, nasal, infraorbital and orbital regions, parallelled by facial vein

ascending palatine artery

first branch form facial artery, supplies soft palate, palatine muscles, palatine tonsils, can be source of the serious blood loss or hemoorhage that may occur if it is injured during tonsillectomy

embolus/emboli

foreign material or throbus traveling in the blood that can block the vessel

retromandibular vein

form external jugular vein from a portion of its route, merger of superficial temporal vein and maxillary vein, emerges from parotid gland, this vein and its venules drain areas similar to those supplied by superficial temproal and maxilary

superior thryoid artery branches supply what muscles

infrahyoid muslces, sternocleidomastoid msucle, muscles of the larynx, and thyroid gland

common carotid artery divides into

internal and external carotid arteries about the level of the larynx

Posterior auricualr artery supplies

internal ear by its auricular branch and mastoid ari cells by stylomastoid artery

hemorrhage

large amounts of blood that escape into the surrounding tissue without clotting when a blood vessel is seriously injured

maxillary artery

larger terminal branch of eca. Begins at nekc of mandibular condyle within parotid salivary gland, run between the mandible and sphenomandbiular ligament anteriorly and superiorly through the infratemporal fossa, superficial or deep to laterl pterygoid muscle, after traversing the infrtemporal fossa enters pterygopalatine fossa, this is where gives off many branches

blood vessels spread cancer faster than what vessels

lymphatic vessels

Pterygoid plexus protects

maxxilary artery from being compressed during mastication, filling or empything, the pterygoid plexus can accommodate changes in volume of the infratemporal fossa that occur when mandibe moves, drains the viens from deep portion of the face and then drians into maxillary vein

ascending pharyngeal artery

medial branch from ECA,small branches like pharyngeal branches and meningeal branches, supply pharyngeal wall(where anastomose with the ascending palatine artery) soft palate, and meninges of the brain

middle meningeal artery supplies

mengines of brain by way of foremn spinosum, located on inferior surface of the skull as well as the skull bones

branches within infratemporal fossa include

middle meningeal and inferior alveolar arteies and several arteires to muscles

Through pterygoid plexus, the maxillary vein recieves the

middle meningeal, posterior superior alveolar, infeiro alveolar, and other viens such as those from the nose and palate, afer receiveing these veins, th emaxillary vein merges with the superficial temporol vein to drian into and form the retromandibular

carotid pulse

most reliable cuz common carotid is major artery supplying the brain and therefore in an emergency situation remains palpable by hc professional when peripheral arteries such as radial artery are not

plexus

network of blood vessels, usually veins

posterior branches of the ECA

occipital and posterior auricular artery

posterior auricular artery

of ECA, arises superior to occipital artery, and stylohyoid muscles at about levevl of tip of styloid process.

the alveolar branches of incisive artery supply

peridontium including gingiva of anterior teeth, anastomose with the alveolar branches of incisive artery

frontal branch supplies and parietal branch supply

portions of scalp in the frontal and parietal regions

occipital artery

posterior branch of the external caroid artery, passes upward behind the ascending ramus of mandible and travels to posterior portion of scalp,

posterior superior alveolar artery supply

pulp tissue of posterio maxillary teeth by way of each tooth's apical foramen, supply periodontium and gingiva of posterior maxillary teeth

carotid pulse

reliable pulse palpated from the common carotid artery

tongue is also supplied by branches of the lingual artery including

several small dorsal lingual branches to the base and body and deep lingual artery, terminal portion of lingual artery to the apex

arteriole

smaller artery that branches off an artery and connects with a capillary

capillary

smaller blood vessel that branches off an arteriole to supply blood directly to tissue

superficial termporal artery

smaller terminal branch of eca, arise within partoid salivary gland, visible under skin temporal region in patient.

venule

smaller vein that drains the capillaries of the tissue area and then joins larger veins

maxillary artery ends by becomging

sphenopalatine artery

plaque

substance which consists of cholesterol(mainly), calicum, clotting proteins, and other substances that can be found lining arteries

3 anterior branches of the external carotid artery

superior thyroid, lingual, and facial arteries

buccal artery

supplies buccinator msucle and othe rsoft tissue of cheek

sublingual artery

supplies mylohyoid muscle, sublingual salivary gland, and mucous membranes of the floor of the mouth.

transverve facial artery

supplies the parotid salivary gland duct and nearby facial tissue

Suprahyoid branch

supplies the suprahyoid muscles

deep temporal arteries

supply anterior and posterior portion of temporalis muscle

masseteric artery

supply masseter muscle

sphenopalatine artery

supply nasal cavity, gives rise to posterior lateral nasal branches and septal branches, including a nasopalatine branch, that accompanies the nasopalatine nerve through incisive foramen on maxilla

dental branches

supply pulp tissue of mandibular posterior teeth by way of each tooth's apical foramen

pterygoid arteries

supply the lateral and medial pterygoid muscles

occipital artery supplies

suprahyoid and sternocleidomastoid muscles as well as the scalp and meningeal tissues in through the muscular branches, sternocleidomastoid branches, auricular, and mengingeal branches, related to 12th cranial hypoglossal nerve

the junction of two veins in frontal region of facial vein

supratrochelar vein and supraorbital vein

middle temporal artery supplies

temporalis muscle

angular artery

termination of facial artery and supplies tissue along the side of the nose

atherosclerosis

the narrowing and blockage of the arteries by a buildup of plaque

alveolar branches of the inferior alveolar artery supply

the periodontium of the mandibular posterior teeth, including gingiva,

dental professional must be able to locate the larger blood vessels of head and neck because

these vessels may become compromised due to a disease process or during a dental procedure such as a local anesthetic injection

Superficial temporal artery has several branches

transvers facial artery, middle temporal artery, fronta branch, and parietal branch

descending palatine artery

travels to palate through the pterygopalatine canal which then terminates both greater palatine artery and lesser palatine artery by way of greater and lesser palatine foramina to supply the hard and soft palate

terminal branches of the external carotid artery

two branches, superficial termporal artery, and maxiallary artery, give rise to important arteries in head and neck area

artery

type of blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart

vein

type of blood vessel that travels to the heart, carrying blood

valves in what are absent in the head and neck

veins valves, two way flow, dictated by local pressure changes, dental or facial infections can lead to serious complications

what are more numerous and larger than arteries

veins, superficial veins in skin, anastomsose freely, greater variability

opthalmic artery

which supplies the eye, orbit and lacrimal gland

supraorbital vein also anastomoses

wwith ophthalmic veins

inferior labial artery

another branch from facial artery that supplies lower lip tissue including muscles of the facial expression such as depressor anguli oris muscle

lingual artery

anterior branch of E.C.Aarises superior to the superior thyroid artery at the level of the hyoid bone, travels anteriorly toapex of the tongue inferior surface, supplies tissues such as suprahyoid muscles, floor of mouth, by dorsal lingual, deep lingual, sublingual, and suprahyoid branches

superior thyroid artery

anterior branch of eca,has branches, infrahyoid artery, sternocleidomastoid branch, superior laryngeal artery, cricothyroid branch, supploy tissue inferior to hyoid bone

four set of branches of external carotid artery

anterior, medial, posterior, and terminal branches

left side of body the comm carotid and subclavian arteries arise directly from

aorta

mental artery

arise from in alveolar artery and exits mandibular canal by way of mental foramen, deep apices of 1st and 2nd premolars of mandibular teeth, supplies tissue of chin and anastomoses with the inferior labial artery

anterior superior alveolar artery

arise from infraorbital artery gives off dental and alveolar branches, anastomoses with posterio superior alveaolar artery, supply pulp max anterior teeth, supply periodontium and gingivam anastomoses with facial artery

inferior alveolar artery

arise from maxillary artery in infratemporal fossa, runs inferiorly to enter mandibular foramen and then mandibula rcanal along the inferior alveolar nerve, mylohyoid artery branches from inferior alveolar artery before it enters the canal

mylohyoid artery

arises from inferior alveolar artery before main artery enters the mandibular canal by way of mandibular foramen, travels in mylohyoid groove on inner surface of mandible supplies the floor of the mouth and the mylohyoid muscle

subclavian artery

arises lateral to the common carotid artery, supply both intracranial and extracranial sturctures, upper extremity arm

Inferior alveolar artery branches into two

arteries within mandibular canal, mental and incisive arteries

facial vein receives branches form same areas e of the face that are supplied by facial

artery, vein anastomoses with deep veins such as pterygoid plexus in infratemporal fossa and with large retromandbiular vein before joing the internal jgular vein at level of hyoid bone

blood flow

artery-->arteriole-->capillary-->venule-->veins

facial artery major branches

ascending palatine, glandular branches, submental, inferior labial, superior labial, angular arteries

bacteremia

bacteria traveling within the vascular system

external carotid artery

begins at superior border of the thyroid cartilage, at the termination of the common carotid artery and the carotid sheath, supplies extracranial tissues, including oral cavity, has four set of branches grouped according to their location to main artery