Body Cavities and Anatomical Positions BIO 141

Brachial

Arm, Shoulder to elbow

Axillary

Armpit

Upper Limb (Extremity)

Axillary, Brachial, Antebrachial, Palmar, Digital

Abdominal

Belly

Inferior (Caudal)

Closer to the feet or lower part of the body or structure

Superior (Cephalic)

Closer to the head and upper part of the body or structure

Medial

Closer to the midline of the body

Superficial

Closer to the surface of the body

Deep

Farther away form the surface of the body

Lateral

Farther away from the midline of the body

Distal

Farther away from the point of attachment when referring to a limb or farther away from the point of origin when referring to an organ

Lower Extremity

Femoral, Patellar, Popliteal, Crural, Fibular, Peroneal, Pedal, Plantar, Digital

Digital

Fingers

Pedal

Foot

Antebrachial

Forearm, elbow to wrist

Inguinal

Groin, crease at the junction between the abdomen and thigh

Cranial, Cephalic

Head

Patellar

Knee cap

Fibular, Peroneal

Lateral side of leg

Crural

Leg, between the knee and ankle

Lumbar

Lower back

Sternum

Midline of the chest

Proximal

Nearer to the point of attachment when referring to a limb or nearer to the point or origin when referring to an organ

Palmar

Palm of hand

Pelvic

Pelvis region, between abdomen and lower extremity

Popliteal

Posterior knee

Frontal (coronal) Plane

Separates the body into a front portion and a back portion. The resulting sections are called frontal (coronal) sections

Plantar

Sole of feet

Thoracic

The chest

Anatomical Position

The erect position of the body with the face directed forward, the arms at the side, and the palms and hands facing forward, using the reference in describing the relation of body parts to one another

Left Lower Quadrant

The lower left of the human abdomen is the area left of the midline and below umbilicus

Right Lower Quadrant

The quadrant contains more colon and the last part of the small intestine, where the appendix resides

Right Upper Quadrant

The right upper quadrant contains the liver and gallbladder, which are protected by the lower right part of the ribcage

Left Upper Quadrant

The upper left quadrant contains part of the stomach and the spleen

Femoral

Thigh, between the hip and knee

heart

Thoracic cavity

Trunk

Thoracic, Sternum, Abdominal, Umbilical, Inguinal, Pelvic, Lumbar

Digital

Toes

Posterior (Dorsal)

Toward the back side (dorsum =back) of the body

Anterior (Ventral)

Toward the front side (ventral = belly) or the body

Liver

abdominal cavity

appendix

abdominal cavity

gallbladder

abdominal cavity

kidney

abdominal cavity

large intestine

abdominal cavity

pancreas

abdominal cavity

spleen

abdominal cavity

stomach

abdominal cavity

Section

according to which plane was cut, in other words, cutting along the transverse plane results in two transverse sections

Plane

an imaginary flat surface that separates the body into two parts. Cutting along a plane results in two separate pieces that are called sections

The heart is ________________ to the spinal cord

anterior (ventral)

The thoracic cavity is _______________ to the vertebral canal

anterior (ventral)

Abdominal

belly

brain

cranial cavity

In your "shin" region, bone is ______________ to the skin

deep

The ankle is _____________ to the knee

distal

The end of the large intestine is _______________________ to the junction between the large and small intestine

distal

Pelvic Cavity

extends from the pelvic brim to the pelvic floor, and is much smaller that the abdominal cavity

Cranial Cavity

formed by bones of the skull and houses the brain

Vertebral (Spinal) canal (cavity)

houses the spinal cord and is formed by successive vertebrae of the articulated skeleton

small intestine

in abdominal cavity

The chin is _______________ to the nose

inferior

The gallbladder is __________________ to the liver

inferior

Abdominopelvic Cavity

large cavity that extends from the diaphragm to the pelvic floor. The abdominal muscles and lower back muscles form the anterior, posterior, and lateral walls of the cavity. It is composed of two cavities that are continuous without a physical separation form each other. However, the anatomical landmark that divides the cavities in the pelvic brim, which is a bony fringe that is oval in females and heart-shaped in males. The space bounded by the brim is the pelvic inlet. Several organs, such as the large intestine, are founded in both cavities.

Ventral Cavity

largest of the cavities and is ventrally located relative to the vertebral column. Has many subdivisions: Thoracic, abdominopelvic, pleural, pericardial, mediastinum

The spleen is ______________________ to the pancreas

lateral

The heart is _______________ to the lungs

medial

Dorsal Cavity

one continuous space formed by the skull superiorly and the vertebrae inferiorly

The esophagus is ___________________ to the trachea

posterior

The pancreas is ____________________- to the stomach

posterior

The vertebral canal is _____________ to the mediastinum

posterior

The junction between the esophagus and the stomach is _________________ to the junction between the stomach and small intestine

proximal

The shoulder is _______________ to the wrist

proximal

Thoracic Cavity

separated from the abdominopelvic cavity by the dome-shaped diaphragm. Other than this inferior/superior separation point, the thoracic cavity is enclosed by the rib cage, the sternum, and thoracic vertebrae.

Abdominal Cavity

separated from the thoracic cavity by the diaphragm and extends inferiorly to the pelvic brim

Parasagittal plane

separates the body into a left and right side that are not of equal side. It is a plane that is located on either side of the midsagittal plane. The resulting sections after cutting along the parasagittal plane are called parasagittal sections.

Midsagittal plane (median)

separates the body into a left and right side that are of equal size, which means the plan is located along the exact midline of the body. Cutting along the midsagittal plane produces midsagittal sections

Sagittal Plane

separates the body into left and right sides

Transverse Plane

separates the body into top and bottom portions. The resulting sections after along a transverse plane are called transverse sections or cross sections.

The rib cage is _____________________ to the lungs

superficial

The skin is __________________ to muscle

superficial

The diaphragm is ______________________ to the stomach

superior

The thoracic cavity is _____________________to the abdominopelvic cavity

superior

Cervical

the neck

aorta

thoracic and abdominal cavity

Bronchus

thoracic cavity

esophagus

thoracic cavity

lungs

thoracic cavity

trachea

thoracic cavity