Bone repair sequence
What is the fibrocartilaginous callus comprised of
Collagen, cartilage, and bone spicules
Describe step 4 of the healing sequence
Dead tissue is removed. Trabeculae are molded into compact bone. Original bone structure is restored
What is the external callus
Deep to the periosteum
What is a hematoma
Mass of clotted blood
When does step 1 of the healing sequence occur
In the ER
What is the internal callus
Inside surface
What are the four steps of the healing (repair) sequence
1. Formation of a fracture hematoma 2. Fibrocartiliganous callus formation 3. Bony callus formation 4. Bone remodeling
When does step 4 of the healing sequence occur
A couple months
Describe step 1 of the healing sequence
Blood vessels at fracture site are disrupted. Blood acculates as a fracture hematoma
Describe step 2 of the healing sequence
Cells in the area die and tissue is inflamed. Capillaries regrow into the area of the hematoma. Phagocytic cells clean up the area. Proliferation of fibroblasts form a cellular tissue around the fracture and between the broken ends. Some fibrobroblasts differentiate into chondroblasts. They secrete cartilage matrix
What is the mass of repair tissue
Fibrocartilaginous callus
What are the two types of reduction that can occur
Open and closed
Describe step 3 of the healing sequence
Osteoblasts in the more vascularized areas begin to form spongy bone. Trabeculae gradually fuse together. Fibrocartilage is converted into spongy bone. Bony calluses form
When does step 3 of the healing sequence occur
Within a week
What happens during closed/non-surgery reduction
Reduction without exposing bones through surgery
What causes reduction during fracture repair
Setting the fracture
What happens during open reduction
Surgical exposure of bones is needed to put bones into alignment