Brain Theories (Whole, Brain Dominance, Triune, Multiple Intelligence, Learning Styles)

Brain Dominance Theory

Derived from observations and tests that the human body, although symmetrical and paired in almost all aspecupper left and right hemispheres, and the lower left and right limbic halves.ts, do not necessarily function equally. (e.g. preferred leg, eye, or arm). Hermann extended this dominance theory to the brain, which e concluded to having not just two parts but four, the

"Father" of the Triune Brain Theory

Dr. Paul Mclean, a leading neuroscientist

Limbic System (Triune)

Emerged in the first mammals. It can record memories of behaviours that produced agreeable and disagreeable experiences, so it is responsible for what are called emotions in human beings. The main structures of the ______ are the hippocampus, the amygdala, and the hypothalamus.

Neocortex (Triune)

First assumed importance in primates and culminated in the human brain with its two large cerebral hemispheres that play such a dominant role.

"Father" of the Multiple Intelligence Theory

Howard Gardner

Multiple Intelligence Theory

Howard Gardner's theory of Multiple Intelligences utilizes aspects of cognitive and developmental psychology, anthropology, and sociology to explain the human intellect.

Learning Styles

In general, it refers to the uniqueness of how each learner receives and processes new information through their senses. The National Association of Secondary School Principals defines ________ as, "the composite of characteristic cognitive, affective, and physiological factors that serve as relatively stable indicators of how a learner perceives, interacts with, and responds to the learning environment." (Technically, it's a myth. It's abt what format suits the material to be learned, but meh)

Left-Right Brain Theory

In psychology, this theory is based on the lateralization of brain function. The brain contains two hemispheres that each performs a number of roles with each side of the brain controlling different types of thinking

B - Sequential Thinking (Style of Thinking)

Keywords: Conservative, structured, organized, detailed, planned Preferred activities: Following directions, repetitive detailed homework problems, time management and schedules, planning and organizing Responds well to: Agendas, goals and objectives, simple graphs and presentations, stickler for time, step-by-step procedures before concluding Vulnerabilities; Reluctant to changes, tends to miss the big picture, does not appreciate innovative ideas, avoids dynamic situations Typical Jobs: Technical manager, operations manager, bookkeeper, drill sergeant, supervisory nurse, construction engineer Notes: Requires clear instructions, are more practical, dislikes abstract ideas; practical and application-based by nature. Challenges are in taking risks, and doing things that have no predefined order.

C - Interpersonal Thinking (Thinking Styles)

Keywords: Emotional, spiritual, feeling, sensory, kinesthetic Preferred Tasks: Listening to and sharing ideas, looking for personal meaning, sensory input, teamwork, win-win situations Responds well to: Creative and free flowing activities, experiential activities like music and art, people-centered activities and discussions Vulnerabilities: Dislike for routine and structured activities, tendency to be impulsive and emotional, often misses out on details Typical Jobs: Marketing, sales, real estate, elementary school teacher, social worker, counsellor, secretary Notes: They get bored with abstract topics without active participation. Emotional and peer feedback are important to them. Are kinesthetic learners (uses body and movement)

A - Analytical (Style of Thinking)

Keywords: Logical, factual, critical, technical, quantitative, abstract, impersonal Preferred Activities: Collecting data, listening to informational lectures, reading textbooks, judging ideas based on facts ideas, and logical reasoning Responds well to: Technical and Financial information, graphs, formal approach, data heavy content Vulnerabilities: Too focused, may miss synergistic opportunities, favors individual vs. group work, tends to place facts over people, problems with delegating Typical Jobs: CEO of technical organizations, stock market broker, chemist, computer programmer, finance manager Notes: May struggle with expression of thought, emotion, and ill-defined concepts

D - Imaginative Thinking (Thinking Styles)

Keywords: Visual, holistic, intuitive, innovative, conceptual Preferred Tasks: Looking at the big picture, taking initiative, simulations ("what if" questions), visual aids, appreciate beauty of a problem, brainstorming, visionary Responds well to: Fun activities, humor, future-oriented activities, experimentation, thought provoking and challenging situations, visuals Vulnerabilities: Can be impractical, tend to overlook details, may tend to procrastinate especially if they do not like what they are doing like repetitive tasks, difficulty in prioritizing Typical Jobs: Artist, entertainer, musician, entrepreneur, strategic planner, creative writer, film director Notes: Quadrant D learners are the curious ones who enjoy discovering, experimenting, and exploring activities. They are strong thinkers when it comes to conceptualizing and putting all the seemingly unrelated parts and connecting the parts together, synthesizing, and in creating new ideas and concepts. The D learner enjoys games and surprises, is a visual learner, and needs different varieties of approaches to learning. Being spontaneous in character, the D learner will have difficulty meeting deadlines and rigid environments.

Father of Brain Dominance Theory

Ned Hermann

The Kinesthetic/Tactile Learning Style

Refers to whole body movement while tactile learning refers only to the sense of touch.

Left Hemisphere (Left-Right Myth)

The Left Brain The left-side of the brain is considered to be adept at tasks that involve logic, language, and analytical thinking. The left-brain is described as being better at: Language Logic Critical thinking Numbers Reasoning

Right Hemisphere (Left-Right Myth)

The Right Brain According to the left-brain, right-brain dominance theory, the right side of the brain is best at expressive and creative tasks. Some of the abilities popularly associated with the right side of the brain include: Recognizing faces Expressing emotions Music Reading emotions Color Images Intuition Creativity

Corpus Callosum

The bundle of nerve fibres that connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain

Exposure to Naj

The desire of a human brain to pursue great things.

Triune Brain Theory

The famous Triune Brain theory was developed for understanding the brain in terms of its evolutionary history. According to this theory, THREE distinct brains emerged successively in the course of evolution and now co-inhabit the human skull. These three parts of the brain do not operate independently. They have established numerous neuro pathways through which they influence one another. This interplay of memory and emotion, thought and action is the foundation of a person's individuality.

Reptillian Brain (Triune)

The oldest of the three, controls the body's vital functions such as heart rate, breathing, body temperature and balance. Our __________ includes the main structures found in a reptile's brain: the brain stem and the cerebellum. The reptilian brain is reliable but tends to be somewhat rigid and compulsive.

Origin of the Left-Right Brain Myth

The right brain-left brain theory originated in the work of Roger W. Sperry, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1981. While studying the effects of epilepsy, Sperry discovered that cutting the corpus callosum (the structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain) could reduce or eliminate seizures. Generally speaking, the left side of the brain tends to control many aspects of language and logic, while the right side tends to handle spatial information and visual comprehension. Later research has shown that the brain is not nearly as dichotomous as once thought. For example, research has shown that abilities in subjects such as math are strongest when both halves of the brain work together. Today, neuroscientists know that the two sides of the brain collaborate to perform a broad variety of tasks and that the two hemispheres communicate through the corpus callosum.

Whole Brain Theory

Theory that the whole brain (composed of hemispheres, quadrants, and sections) work together to function as an organ.

Naturalistic (5 of 8, Multiple Intelligence Theory)

This intelligence is seen in someone who recognizes and classifies plants, animals, and minerals including a mastery of taxonomies.

Interpersonal (7 of 8, Multiple Intelligence Theory)

This intelligence is the ability to interpret and respond to the moods, emotions, motivations, and actions of others.

Logical/Mathematical (2 of 8, Multiple Intelligence Theory)

This intelligence refers to an individual's ability to do things with data: collect, and organize, analyze and interpret, conclude and predict. Individuals strong in this intelligence see patterns and relationships.

Verbal/Linguistic (1 of 8, Multiple Intelligence Theory)

This intelligence refers to an individual's ability to understand and manipulate words and languages. Everyone is thought to possess this intelligence at some level.

Bodily/Kinesthetic (4 of 8, Multiple Intelligence Theory)

This intelligence refers to people who process information through the sensations they feel in their bodies.

Visual/Spatial (3 of 8, Multiple Intelligence Theory)

This intelligence refers to the ability to form and manipulate a mental model. Individuals with strength in this area depend on ________ thinking and are very imaginative.

Musical (6 of 8, Multiple Intelligence Theory)

This intelligence refers to the ability to understand, create, and interpret musical pitches, timbre, rhythm, and tones and the capability to compose music.

Intrapersonal (8 of 8, Multiple Intelligence Theory)

This intelligence, simply put, is the ability to know oneself. It is an internalized version of Interpersonal Intelligence.

Quadrants of the Brain (Brain Dominance Theory)

Upper Left (A) - Cerebral (Keyword: ANALYTICAL) Lower Left (B) - Limbic Mode (K: ORGANIZED) Upper Right (C) - Limbic Mode (K:INTERPERSONAL) Lower Right (D) - Limbic System (K: IMAGINATIVE)

The Reading/Writing Learning Style

Will is a reading/writing learner. His comprehensive training manual allows the employees to utilize the written language format.

The Aural Learning Style

_________ learners process information most effectively when spoken or heard.

The Visual Learning Style

_________ learners process information most effectively when the information is seen.