BSC 216 Ch.19 Blood

What organ serves as the control center for the regulation of erythropoiesis?

kidney

What plasma protein is most important for the blood's colloid osmotic pressure?

albumin

The universal blood donor is O- since this blood type lacks the A, B, and Rh antigens. True or false

True

Carbohydrate groups on the surfaces of erythrocytes determine blood type and are known as __________.

antigens

The percentage of blood composed of erythrocytes is called __________.

hematocrit

What cell gives rise to all formed elements?

hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)

Platelets can undergo mitosis and perform repairs if damaged. True or false.

False

Which blood type is compatible with B- during a transfusion? a.) AB- b.) B+ c.) O+ d.) O-

O-

Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of platelets? a.) They are cell fragments. b.) They do not have a nucleus. c.) They are incapable of oxidative catabolism. d.) They contain granules with clotting factors and enzymes

They are incapable of oxidative catabolism.

A centrifuged sample of blood shows 53% plasma, 1% buffy coat, and 46% erythrocytes. What percent of the blood is composed of leukocytes and platelets?

1%

During a transfusion, incompatible antigens can be introduced. Antibodies can bind to foreign antigens, causing them to clump together, or __________.

agglutinate

Which of the following is a plasma protein? a.) tissue factor b.) electrolytes c.) hemoglobin d.) albumin

albumin

The ABO blood group is based on which antigen(s)?

antigens A and B

Nora was exposed to radiation that caused her red bone marrow to make less red blood cells. This condition is known as __________.

aplastic anemia

White blood cells that have an S-shaped nucleus and large dark-staining granules are the __________.

basophils

An example of a waste product from the breakdown of hemoglobin is__________. a.) hemoglobin S b.) jaundice c.) transferrin d.) biliverdin

biliverdin

What ions are necessary for both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways to the coagulation cascade?

calcium ions

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of erythrocytes? a.) capable of protein synthesis b.) biconcave discs c.) filled with hemoglobin d.) anucleate

capable of protein synthesis

Some rat poisons contain a toxin that block's the liver's ability to utilize vitamin K. Animals that consume this poison would have problems with __________.

coagulation

The process that converts fibrinogen to fibrin and results in the formation of a more solid clot is called __________.

coagulation

Lepirudin is a drug that inhibits thrombin. It will have an effect specifically on the __________.

common pathway of coagulation

If a patient has a parasitic infection, you would expect an elevated __________ count.

eosinophil

The process of red blood cell production is known as __________.

erythropoiesis

Which of the following must occur first during hemostasis? a.) formation of fibrin b.) formation of thrombin c.) thrombolysis d.) clot retraction

formation of thrombin

What is the oxygen-binding protein found in erythrocytes?

hemoglobin

The process that stops bleeding from an injured vessel is called __________.

hemostasis

The stoppage of bleeding is known as __________.

hemostasis

Athletes use the hormone EPO to __________.

increase their hematocrit

Which of the following is paired INCORRECTLY? a.) increased erythropoiesis; aplastic anemia b.) Vitamin B12 deficiency; pernicious anemia c.) decreased hemoglobin; iron-deficiency anemia d.) increased erythrocyte destruction; hemolytic anemia

increased erythropoiesis; aplastic anemia

Which type of leukocyte may produce antibodies?

lymphocyte

What cells are categorized as agranulocytes?

lymphocytes and monocytes

Platelets are cell fragments formed from __________.

megakaryocytes

Platelets form from large cells called __________.

megakaryocytes

You are observing a blood slide under the microscope and you see a large cell with a U-shaped nucleus and light blue cytoplasm. You identify this cell as a __________.

monocyte

During leukopoiesis, neutrophils are derived from __________.

myeloblasts

What is the most common type of leukocyte in a healthy adult?

neutrophil

What forms the majority of blood?

plasma

Which of the following is NOT one of the formed elements in blood? a.) plasma b.) platelets c.) leukocytes d.) erythrocytes

plasma

Hemostasis is mediated by __________.

platelets

All red blood cells in an adult originate in the __________.

red bone marrow

Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of blood? a.) to maintain body temperature b.) to transport and exchange gases c.) blood clotting d.) to protect vital organs

to protect vital organs

The function of red blood cells is to __________.

transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

What is the appropriate pathway for the steps of hemostasis?

vascular spasms, platelet plug formation, coagulation, clot retraction, thrombolysis

What vitamin is necessary for certain clotting factors to operate during coagulation?

vitamin K

The most abundant component of plasma is __________.

water

How much blood does the average adult have?

5 L

What percentage of the blood is composed of plasma?

55%

Normal blood pH should fall between __________.

7.35 and 7.45

Which of the following blood types would agglutinate if donated to a person with blood type A+? a.) B- b.) O+ c.) O- d.) A-

B-