PS 309

Incorporating the Bill of Rights to the states has been achieved through ________. The Supreme Court's decision in Webster v. Reproductive Health Services Rulings on statutory laws in civil cases The Fourteenth Amendment's due process clause Executive actions of the President

The fourteenth amendment's due process clause

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 accomplished all of the following EXCEPT _________. A ban on poll taxes The replacement of some local registrars with federal registrars The abolition of literacy tests A simplified registration procedure

a ban on poll taxes

Which of the following best defines a mill? A dollar per thousand dollars of assessed value of property A dollar per million dollars of assessed value property A dollar per hundred dollars of assessed value property A dollar per ten thousand dollars of assessed value of property

a dollar per thousand dollars of assessed value of property

Added compensation for a victim beyond actual costs for medical care and lost wages includes ________. Joint and several liability A pain and suffering award Expanded liability A contingency award

a pain and suffering award

Party competition is most likely to produce policy differences when there exists a(n) ________. Majority of moderate voters in each party Unimodal distribution of opinion Universal opinion on a set of policy preferences Bimodal distribution of opinion

bimodal distribution of opinion

Judicial decision making differs from legislative and executive decision making in all of the following ways EXCEPT ________. Courts are rarely seen as objective, lending higher prestige to the other two branches Courts rarely make comprehensive policy pronouncements Courts must wait until a case is brought before them before making any policy decision Interest groups can access the court only through legal procedures, whereas other information at their disposal in the legislative and executive branches

courts are rarely seen as objective, lending higher prestige to the other two branches

All of the following are regarded as intrinsic rewards of voting EXCEPT _________. Allegiance to democracy Direct personal benefits Patriotism Sense of duty

direct personal benefits

Which of the following is NOT a political problem that state governments must address? Drugs Racial tensions Foreign policy Poverty

foreign policy

A common criticism of judicial federalism is that it leads to ________. Greater partisan political influence A stable and predictable system of law Marginalization of civil rights organizations Reduced interest group activity

greater partisan political influence

One of the effects of the Twenty-Sixth Amendment has been _________. Greater turnout among college students compared to non-college-educated young workers Elimination of discrimination in registration and voting for women Legalization of poll taxes Establishment of a sixth-grade literacy standard

greater turnout among college students compared to non-college-educated young workers

Opponents of term limits argue that they______. Force politicians to live under the laws they make Increase competition in the electoral system Force politicians to return home Infringe on the voters' freedom of choice

infringe on the voters' freedom of choice

The most common and successful method of amending state constitutions is through __________. Legislative proposals Popular initiatives Constitutional conventions Constitutional revision commissions

legislative proposals

Party identification has been declining because _______. More people are self-identifying with one political party or another Voter loyalty to political parties is at the highest numbers recorded The number of self-described independents has been decreasing over time More people are not self-identifying with either political party

more people are not self-identifying with either political party

Open primaries are _______. Primary elections in which voters who have previously declared their party affiliation can change party registration on Election Day Primary elections in which a voter may cast a ballot in either party's primary election Primary elections in which voters must declare (or have previously declared) their party affiliation and can cast a ballot in any party's primary election Additional primary elections held between the top two vote-getters in a primary where no candidate has received a majority of the vote

primary elections in which a voter may cast a ballot in either party's primary election

The passage of the Sixteenth Amendment to the US constitution in 1913 established the ________. Social Security Administration to distribute welfare benefits paid for by taxes Belief that women would become taxpayers if given the right to vote Principle of a graduated income tax based on ability to pay Concept of taxing the production and sale of liquor

principle of a graduated income tax based on ability to pay

A legislature with higher legislator salaries, full-time responsibilities, and significant resources is referred to as a(n) __________. Interim legislature Professional legislature Inefficient legislature Amateur legislature

professional legislature

Taxes that require high-income groups to pay a larger percentage of their income in taxes than low-income groups are said to be _______. Unfair Regressive Proportional Progressive

progressive

A device that allows the electorate to have direct approval over proposed laws or constitutional amendments submitted by legislature is referred to as a/an: Recall Initiative Referendum Convention

referendum

Whenever term limits have appeared on referenda ballots, they have ________. Usually been approved with landslide margins Always been approved due to legislative intervention Usually been defeated by narrow margins Usually been defeated by large margins

usually been approved with landslide margins

Economic development includes all of the following variables EXCEPT: Welfare Education Income Population growth

welfare