BSC 216 Exam 1: Chapter 19: Blood
What organ serves as the control center for the regulation of erythropoiesis?
kidney
The most abundant component of plasma is _________________
water
What plasma protein is most important for the blood's colloid osmotic pressure?
albumin
Carbohydrate groups on the surfaces of erythrocytes determine blood type and are known as __________.
antigens
What cell gives rise to all formed elements?
hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)
Which blood type is compatible with B- during a transfusion?
O-
T/F: The universal blood donor is O- since this blood type lacks the A, B, and Rh antigens.
True
A centrifuged sample of blood shows 53% plasma, 1% buffy coat, and 46% erythrocytes. What percent of the blood is composed of leukocytes and platelets?
1%
During a transfusion, incompatible antigens can be introduced. Antibodies can bind to foreign antigens, causing them to clump together, or __________.
agglutinate
The ABO blood group is based on which antigen(s)?
antigens A and B
Nora was exposed to radiation that caused her red bone marrow to make less red blood cells. This condition is known as __________.
aplastic anemia
Describe the appearance and function of eosinophils.
bilobed nucleus; specialized in defense against multicellular parasites
What ions are necessary for both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways to the coagulation cascade?
calcium ions
Some rat poisons contain a toxin that block's the liver's ability to utilize vitamin K. Animals that consume this poison would have problems with __________.
coagulation
The process of red blood cell production is known as __________.
erythropoiesis
T/F: Platelets can undergo mitosis and perform repairs if damaged.
false
Which of the following must occur first during hemostasis?
formation of thrombin
Identify the correct order of the cells in the process of erythropoiesis: early erythroblast, erythrocyte, erythrocyte-CFU, hematopoietic stem cell, late erythroblast, proerythroblast, reticulocyte
hematopoietic stem cell, erythrocyte-CFU, proerythroblast, early erythroblast, late erythroblast, reticulocyte, erythrocyte
What is the oxygen-binding protein found in erythrocytes?
hemoglobin
The stoppage of bleeding is known as __________.
hemostasis
Describe the appearance and function of basophils.
large nucleus with granules; least common leukocyte; mediate inflammation
Describe the appearance and function of lymphocytes.
large nucleus with no granules; mature into B and T lymphocytes; create antibodies
Which type of leukocyte may produce antibodies?
lymphocyte
What cells are categorized as agranulocytes?
lymphocytes and monocytes
Describe the appearance and function of monocytes.
mature into macrophages; u-shaped nucleus
Platelets are cell fragments formed from __________.
megakaryocytes
What is the most common type of leukocyte in a healthy adult?
neutrophil
What forms the majority of blood?
plasma
Hemostasis is mediated by __________.
platelets
All red blood cells in an adult originate in the __________.
red bone marrow
The process of platelet production is known as __________.
thrombopoiesis
What hormone is necessary for thrombopoiesis?
thrombopoietin hormone
The function of red blood cells is to __________.
transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
Describe the appropriate pathway for the steps of hemostasis using the following terms: clot retraction, coagulation, platelet plug formation, thrombolysis, vascular spasms
vascular spasms, platelet plug formation, coagulation, clot retraction, thrombolysis
What vitamin is necessary for certain clotting factors to operate during coagulation?
vitamin K
Describe the appearance and function of neutrophils.
3-5 lobed nucleus; attracted to injured cells; most common leukocyte
How much blood does the average adult have?
5 L
What percentage of the blood is composed of plasma?
55%
Normal blood pH should fall between ____________________
7.35 and 7.45
Which of the following blood types would agglutinate if donated to a person with blood type A+?
B-
