CAE book 1 Key word transformations
would have (need) to be put OFF (had to be put off)
'We'll have to postpone the meeting until next week, as a lot of people are on leave,' the manager said. OFF The manager said the meeting _______________________________________ until the following week, as a lot of people were on leave.
they had in mind
'What are you thinking of doing for the college's centenary celebration?' the tutor asked the students. MIND The tutor asked the students what _______________________________________ for the college's centenary celebration.
not to LET her (the) children (kids) watch
'You should stop your children watching so much television,' Mary's sister told her. LET Mary's sister advised her _______________________________________so much television
always COME easily (naturally) to
As learning new languages had never been a problem for her, Katy didn't expect to have any difficulties when she went to live abroad. COME Learning new languages had _______________________________________ her so Katy didn't expect to have any difficulties when she went to live abroad.
sooner HAD the tennis players gone (got(come)
As soon as the tennis players went onto the court, it started raining. HAD No _______________________________________ onto the court than it started raining.
no (other) choice (alternative/option) BUT to
As visibility was getting worse and worse, Bob and Jane had to cut short their sailing trip. BUT As visibility was getting worse and worse, Bob and Jane had _______________________________________ cut short their sailing trip.
illness (sickness) RESULTED in him (his) abandoning (the abandonment of
Dan abandoned his studies at university because he was ill. RESULTED Dan's _______________________________________ his studies at university.
any objection(s) (an objection) TO John('s) joining
Do you mind if John joins us for the meeting? TO Do you have_______________________________________ us for the meeting?
was held in such (high) regard (esteem)
Dr. Ramesh's colleague regarded him so highly that they forgave his inability to remember people's names. HELD Dr. Ramesh _______________________________________ by his colleagues that they forgave his inability to remember people's names.
explain the main point CLEARLY enough
Hannah's essay doesn't have a clear enough explanation of the main point to be awarded top marks. CLEARLY Hannah's essay doesn't _______________________________________ to be awarded top marks.
to have been MISINFORMED about (over/regarding/concerning/on)
I think we owe this passenger an apology, as she was apparently given incorrect train times by our call centre staff. MISINFORMED I think we owe this passenger an apology, as she seems _______________________________________ train times by our call centre staff.
unlikely EVENT of her party winning (unlikely EVENT (that) her party wins)
If her party wins the election, which is unlikely, she'll become President. EVENT In the _______________________________________ the election, she'll become President.
makes the album worth listening
It's only because of the quality of the lead singer's voice that people listen to the album. WORTH It's the quality of the lead singer's voice that _______________________________________ to.
was HIGH time (that) she left
Jenny felt that she had stayed too long at the party. HIGH Jenny felt it _______________________________________ the party.
would ('d) rather not be
Please tick this box if you don't want us to inform you about future events. RATHER Please tick this box if you _______________________________________ sent any information about future events.
was of no CONSEQUENCE (was not/ wasn't of any consequence)
The change in the company's logo didn't make any difference to the majority of its customers. CONSEQUENCE The change in the company's logo _______________________________________ to the majority of its customers.
being (living) in the public EYE
The constant public attention on famous people must have an effect on them. EYE Constantly _______________________________________ must have an effect on famous people.
was a GRADUAL rise (increase/improvement) in
The employment rate rose gradually as the economy began to recover. GRADUAL There _______________________________________ the employment rate as the economy began to recover.
to be (a) THOROUGH revision (revising of) of (to)
The guidelines for the appointment of new staff need to be thoroughly revised. THOROUGH There needs _______________________________________ the guidelines for the appointment of new staff.
ONLY was the hotel a long
The hotel wasn't just far from the sea. It was expensive too. ONLY Not _______________________________________ way from the sea, it was expensive too.
make it ILLEGAL to drive
The local council wants to impose a ban on driving at more than 30 kilomentres per hour anywhere in this area. ILLEGAL The local council wants to _______________________________________ at more than 30 kilometres per hour anywhere in this area.
makes no (little) DIFFERENCE to (doesn't make any/a/much DIFFERENCE to)
The other students don't mind whether you give your presentation on Thursday or Friday. DIFFERENCE It _______________________________________ the other students whether you give your presentation on Thursday or Friday
apart (aside) FROM the lack (absence)
This building would be ideal for our new office except that there are no parking facilities nearby. FROM This building would be ideal for our new office _______________________________________ of parking facilities nearby.
Tom had left on (in) TIME (Tom had been on/in
Tom missed his plane because he was late leaving for the airport. TIME If only _______________________________________ for the airport, he wouldn't have missed his plane.
