Carbohydrates 12
Number of calories in a gram of carbohydrate
4 calories
galactose
6-carbon sugar that makes up part of lactose along with glucose
glucose
6-carbon sugar used as fuel for cell
starch
Plant polysaccharide, how plants store their extra sugars, animals like to eat starch and break it apart for energy, not sweet
Chitin
Polysaccharide that provides structure in some animals, stiff and rigid,forms the exoskeleton of insects, crabs, lobsters
polysaccharide
What type of carbohydrate is cellulose?
monosaccharide
What type of carbohydrate is fructose?
monosaccharide
What type of carbohydrate is glucose?
disaccharides
a double sugar; includes sucrose, lactose, maltose
fructose
a monosaccharide found in fruit; an extremely sweet sugar
glycogen
animal polysaccharide used to store excess glucoses; how animals store their extra sugars for later use, found in liver and muscles, broken apart when you need sugars for fuel
This carbohydrate is a good source of fiber
cellulose
Carbohydrates found only in plants
cellulose, fructose, starch, sucrose
If your body does not use the glycogen stores it will turn to this
fat
cellulose
plant polysaccharide found in cell walls; indigestible by humans; called "fiber".
monosaccharides
single sugars, often containing 5 or 6 carbons; examples include glucose and ribose
benedicts
Indicator used to test for simple sugars, changes from blue to orange, brown, white in the presence of these sugars when heated
What is fiber?
Another word for cellulose, it helps with the digestion process by eliminating waste and reduce the risk for colon cancer
Iodine
Chemical indicator used to test for starch, changes from yellow to blue/black when starch is present
sucrose
Double sugar, also known as table sugar, sweet, how plants transport sugars from their leaves to the ret of their body, we eat lots of this sugar and use it for energy
What is the treatment for Type 1 diabetes?
Insulin, diet, exercise, and drugs
What is the function of fiber?
It helps with the digestion process by eliminating waste
What is Type 2 Diabetes?
The more common type of diabetes in which the cells fail to respond to insulin, individuals cannot regulate their blood sugar levels
What is Type 1 Diabetes?
Type of diabetes in which the pancreas fails to produce insulin
What does the body use for energy?
glucose
Carbohydrates found only in animals
glycogen, chitin, lactose
What is insulin?
hormone made by your pancreas, tells your cells to take in glucose (sugar) and use it, helps get sugar from your bloodstream into your cells
This carbohydrate is found in milk
lactose
Macromolecules
large molecules build by linking small building blocks together, based on the element carbon, include carbohydrate, lipids and proteins
Where is glycogen stored?
live and muscle
carbohydrates
macromolecule composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen; used for quick energy and energy storage; always in a 1:2:1 ratio
polysaccharides
many sugars, includes starch, glycogen, cellulose, and chitin
lactose
milk sugar; composed of glucose and galactose
Orange, brown, white
the color of a positive benedicts test is _______________
Black
the color of a positive iodine test (test for starch is _________________)
Foods that contain carbohydrates
vegetables, fruits, rice, bread, pasta, cereals