Carbohydrates 12

Number of calories in a gram of carbohydrate

4 calories

galactose

6-carbon sugar that makes up part of lactose along with glucose

glucose

6-carbon sugar used as fuel for cell

starch

Plant polysaccharide, how plants store their extra sugars, animals like to eat starch and break it apart for energy, not sweet

Chitin

Polysaccharide that provides structure in some animals, stiff and rigid,forms the exoskeleton of insects, crabs, lobsters

polysaccharide

What type of carbohydrate is cellulose?

monosaccharide

What type of carbohydrate is fructose?

monosaccharide

What type of carbohydrate is glucose?

disaccharides

a double sugar; includes sucrose, lactose, maltose

fructose

a monosaccharide found in fruit; an extremely sweet sugar

glycogen

animal polysaccharide used to store excess glucoses; how animals store their extra sugars for later use, found in liver and muscles, broken apart when you need sugars for fuel

This carbohydrate is a good source of fiber

cellulose

Carbohydrates found only in plants

cellulose, fructose, starch, sucrose

If your body does not use the glycogen stores it will turn to this

fat

cellulose

plant polysaccharide found in cell walls; indigestible by humans; called "fiber".

monosaccharides

single sugars, often containing 5 or 6 carbons; examples include glucose and ribose

benedicts

Indicator used to test for simple sugars, changes from blue to orange, brown, white in the presence of these sugars when heated

What is fiber?

Another word for cellulose, it helps with the digestion process by eliminating waste and reduce the risk for colon cancer

Iodine

Chemical indicator used to test for starch, changes from yellow to blue/black when starch is present

sucrose

Double sugar, also known as table sugar, sweet, how plants transport sugars from their leaves to the ret of their body, we eat lots of this sugar and use it for energy

What is the treatment for Type 1 diabetes?

Insulin, diet, exercise, and drugs

What is the function of fiber?

It helps with the digestion process by eliminating waste

What is Type 2 Diabetes?

The more common type of diabetes in which the cells fail to respond to insulin, individuals cannot regulate their blood sugar levels

What is Type 1 Diabetes?

Type of diabetes in which the pancreas fails to produce insulin

What does the body use for energy?

glucose

Carbohydrates found only in animals

glycogen, chitin, lactose

What is insulin?

hormone made by your pancreas, tells your cells to take in glucose (sugar) and use it, helps get sugar from your bloodstream into your cells

This carbohydrate is found in milk

lactose

Macromolecules

large molecules build by linking small building blocks together, based on the element carbon, include carbohydrate, lipids and proteins

Where is glycogen stored?

live and muscle

carbohydrates

macromolecule composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen; used for quick energy and energy storage; always in a 1:2:1 ratio

polysaccharides

many sugars, includes starch, glycogen, cellulose, and chitin

lactose

milk sugar; composed of glucose and galactose

Orange, brown, white

the color of a positive benedicts test is _______________

Black

the color of a positive iodine test (test for starch is _________________)

Foods that contain carbohydrates

vegetables, fruits, rice, bread, pasta, cereals