CARLA 18

The TCA cycle begins with the formation of a molecule of citric acid. directly produces most of the ATP from the catabolism of glucose. does not form any carbon dioxide. contains enzymes called cytochromes. forms acetyl-CoA from glucose.

begins with the formation of a molecule of citric acid.

A cation that is essential for muscle contraction, nerve function, and blood clotting is sodium. potassium. calcium. magnesium. selenium.

calcium.

A balanced diet should include adequate substrates for the production of energy. provide essential amino acids. provide essential fatty acids. contain adequate amounts of vitamins and minerals. do all of these.

do all of these.

During glycolysis, a molecule of glucose is converted into two molecules of pyruvic acid. six molecules of ATP are produced. carbon dioxide is produced. NADH2 molecules attach to the cytochromes. more energy is used than is released.

a molecule of glucose is converted into two molecules of pyruvic acid.

Lipogenesis generally begins with glucose. amino acids. fatty acids. acetyl Co-A. succinyl Co-A.

acetyl Co-A.

If you were in a desert without water, which nutrient would you like to have stored in your body in a large amount? protein sugars complex carbohydrates fat amino acids

fat.

The nutrients that yield the most energy per gram when metabolized are carbohydrates. proteins. fats. nucleic acids. vitamins.

fats.

Factors that influence an individual's BMR (basal metabolic rate) include sex. age. body weight. genetics. all of these.

all of these.

A mineral that is a component of hemoglobin, myoglobin, and cytochromes is calcium. magnesium. iron. zinc. cobalt.

iron.

An ion that is a necessary component of high-energy compounds and nucleic acids, and a structural component of bone is chloride ion. sulfate ion. phosphate ion. bicarbonate ion. iodide ion.

phosphate ion.

In the process of cellular respiration, each molecule of glucose that is metabolized releases enough energy to form __________ molecules of ATP. 2 4 30 36 40

36.

Lipids release less energy than an equivalent amount of glucose. are difficult to store since they are not water soluble. are easily mobilized from their reserves. release more energy than an equivalent amount of glucose. do all of these.

release more energy than an equivalent amount of glucose.

In glycolysis, each molecule of glucose meta bolized releases enough energy to form __________ molecules of ATP. 2 4 30 36 38

2.

Urea is formed in the liver. stomach. kidneys. small intestine. large intestine.

liver.

The sum of all of the biochemical processes going on within the human body at any given instant iscalled glycolysis. oxidation. catabolism. anabolism. metabolism.

metabolism.

During lipolysis, triglycerides are converted into molecules of acetyl-CoA. triglycerides are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids. lipids are converted into glucose molecules. lipids are formed from excess carbohydrates. lipids are metabolized to yield ATP.

triglycerides are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids.

The largest metabolic reserves for the average adult are stored as carbohydrates. proteins. amino acids. triglycerides. fatty acids.

triglycerides.

The vitamin that is required for the synthesis of visual pigments is vitamin A. vitamin B. vitamin C. vitamin D. vitamin E.

vitamin A.

The vitamin that is required for proper bone growth and for calcium absorption and retention is vitamin A. vitamin B. vitamin C. vitamin D. vitamin E.

vitamin D.

The vitamin that is essential for the production of several clotting factors is vitamin A. vitamin B. vitamin E. vitamin C. vitamin K.

vitamin K.