Cell Biology by the Numbers

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Size of the human genome =

3.2 Gbp

Yeast cell volume

30 micrometers cubed = 30 femtoliters

Time to transcribe a gene in HeLa cells (including mRNA processing) ~

30 minutes

Time to translate a protein in HeLa cells (including mRNA export from the nucleus) ~

30 minutes

HeLa cell volume ~

3000 cubic micrometers ~ 3000 femtoliters

Mean diameter of a protein (true for E.coli, yeast, and humans)

4-5 nanometers

Size of the E. coli genome =

4.6 Mbp

Diffusion time for a small molecule across an E. coli cell

0.001 seconds

Diffusion time for a protein across an E. coli cell

0.01 seconds

Diffusion time for a small molecule across a HeLa cell ~

0.1 to 1 second(s)

Diameter of a water molecule

0.3 nanometers

Humans are (diploid/haploid)

Diploid

E.coli cell length ~

2 micrometers

Length of a "typical" (no such thing) mitochondrion ~

2 micrometers

Number of proteins per cubic micrometer of cell volume (true for E.coli, yeast, and humans)

2-4 x 10e6

Rate of translation for mRNAs in E.coli

20 amino acids per second

HeLa cell diameter ~

20 micrometers

Number of protein coding genes in humans =

21,000

Yeast cell generation time ~

3 hours

Number of protein coding genes in E. coli =

4300

Yeast cell diameter ~

5 micrometers

HeLa cell generation time ~

1 day

E.coli generation time (time between cell divisions) ~

1 hour

E.coli cell diameter ~

1 micrometer

Width of a "typical" mitochondrion ~

1 micrometer

E.coli cell volume ~

1 micrometer cubed = 10e(-15) liters = 1 femtoliter

E.coli cell mass ~

1 picogram

Time scale for binding of a transcription factor to a DNA site (E. coli, yeast, HeLa) ~

1 second

Time scale for transitions between protein states (for example, inactive to active)

1 to 100 microseconds

Diffusion time for a small protein across a HeLa cell ~

1-10 seconds

Typical gene length in E. coli ~

1000 base pairs

Mutation rate in E. coli ~

10e-10 mutations per base pair per replication of the genome

Mutation rate in humans ~

10e-10 mutations per base pair per replication of the genome

Approximate number of mitochondria per cell, for yeast ~

10e1

Approximate number of mitochondria per cell, for mammalian (i.e. HeLa) cells ~

10e3 to 10e4

Typical gene length in HeLa (human cells) ~

10e4 to 10e6 base pairs (with introns)

Rate of transcription for genes in E. coli

80 nucleotides per second

Average distance between proteins in living cells (according to Hoffman)

<10 nanometers

E. coli is (diploid/haploid)

Haploid


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