Cell Structure and Function Final Review

49. The main energy source for a cell is a chemical called ___________________.

ATP.

8. Modern prokaryotes are generally known as ____________________.

Bacteria.

28. Both plant and animal cells have plasma membranes. In addition, plant cells are surrounded by a(n) ____________________.

Cell Membrane.

36. A generalization that all living things are composed of cells, and that cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things is called the ____________ ___________.

Cell Theory.

38. A strong wall outside a plant cell's plasma membrane that protects the cell and maintains its shape is called the ______________ _____________

Cell Wall.

1. The statement that "cells arise only from existing cells" is part of the ____________________ ____________________.

Cell theory.

14. The basic unit of structure and function in an organism is the ____________________.

Cell.

26. Photosynthesis takes place in the ____________________ of plant cells.

Chloroplasts.

50. A ______________ is an organelle found in some plant cells and certain unicellular organisms where photosynthesis takes place.

Chloroplasts.

7. In a eukaryotic cell, the region between the plasma membrane and the nucleus is called the _________________________.

Cytoplasm.

4. The mesh-like network of protein fibers that supports the shape of the cell is called the ____________________.

Cytoskeleton.

21. Molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated. This process is called _________________________.

Diffusion.

33. The fluid portion of the cytoplasm is called the ____________________.

Endoplasm.

43. The ______________ ___________ is a network of membranes within a cell's cytoplasm that produces and transports a variety of molecules.

Endoplasmic Reticulum.

3. A cell with a well-defined nucleus surrounded by a nuclear envelope is a(n) ____________________ cell.

Eukaryote.

20. ____________________ cells have a system of internal membranes.

Eukaryotic.

24. A cell with a well-defined nucleus and cytoplasm surrounded by a plasma membrane is a(n) ____________________ cell.

Eukaryotic.

40. A type of cell with a nucleus (surrounded by its own membrane) and other internal organelles including plants, animals and protozoans are called ___________________.

Eurkaryotes.

11. Large molecules such as glucose that cannot cross the phospholipid bilayer can still move across the membrane through transport proteins by _________________________.

Facilitated Diffusion.

19. The _________________________ modifies, stores, and routes proteins and other chemical products to their next destinations.

Golgi Apparatus.

44. A cellular organelle that modifies, packages, stores, and routes cell products is the ________________.

Golgi Apparatus.

22. A phospholipid is a molecule with a(n) ____________________ head.

Hydrophilic.

25. As a cell's size decreases, its surface-area-to-volume ratio ____________________.

Increases.

48. A membrane-bound sac containing digestive enzymes that can break down proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides is a ____________________.

Lysosomes.

16. Eukaryotic cells are much larger and have more specialized functions than prokaryotic cells because they contain ____________________, which carry out specialized activities.

Membrane Bound Organelles.

2. Proteins that aid in moving substances into and out of the cell are called ____________________ proteins.

Membrane.

10. The spherical organelles that are the site of protein synthesis in a cell are the ____________________.

Mitochondria.

47. The cellular organelles where cellular respiration occurs and polysaccharides are converted to ATP are called ___________________.

Mitochondria.

41. The double - layered membrane that surrounds a cell nucleus is called the _______________ ________.

Nuclear Membrane.

42. The ________________ is a ball-like mass of fibers and granules in a cell nucleus that contains structures which produce ribosomes.

Nucleolus.

18. The ____________________ houses a cell's DNA, which contains heredity information.

Nucleus.

17. Scientists have discovered that cells contain smaller specialized structures known as ____________________.

Organelles.

9. Eukaryotic cells contain specialized structures that perform important cellular functions. These structures are called _________________________.

Organelles.

13. A two-layer "sandwich" of molecules that surrounds an organelle or cell is called a _________________________.

Phospholipid Bilayer.

5. ____________________ molecules have "heads" and "tails" and are found in the plasma membrane.

Phospholipid.

30. Matthias Schleiden worked with ____________________ cells, and Theodor Schwann worked with ____________________ cells.

Plant, Animal.

37. The ___________________ is a thin outer boundary of a cell that regulates the traffic of chemicals between the cell and its surroundings.

Plasma Membrane.

6. Both plant cells and animal cells have cell membranes. In addition, plant cells are surrounded by a(n) ____________________ ____________________.

Plasma Membrane.

27. All cells arise from ____________________ ____________________.

Pre-Existing Cells.

39. A type of cell lacking a nucleus and most other organelles such as bacteria and archaebacterial are called ____________________.

Prokaryotes.

31. Rough endoplasmic reticulum has ____________________ embedded on its surface.

Ribosomes.

35. Unlike smooth endoplasmic reticulum, rough endoplasmic reticulum has _________________________ attached to it.

Ribosomes.

15. Some plants produce a _________________________ between the plasma membrane and the primary cell wall.

Secondary wall.

29. A plasma membrane is said to be ____________________ permeable because it allows the passage of some solutes and not others.

Semi.

12. The surface-area-to-volume ratio limits a cell's ____________________.

Size.

34. The structure indicated in Figure 6-2 by the letter F is a large membrane-bound sac called a _________________________.

Vacuole.

45. A membrane-bound sack that buds from the endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi apparatus and is used to package cell products, food, and wastes is called a ______________________.

Vacuole.

46. A ________________ is a membrane bound sack used primarily for transport of cell products coming from the endoplasmic reticulum

Vesicle.

23. The ratio of surface area to ____________________ puts limitations on a cell's size.

Volume.

32. All substances that enter or leave a cell must cross the cell ____________________.

Wall.