Cellular Regulation AQ
A woman reports weight gain and hot flashes. The client is also found to have low estrogen levels. Which drug may be prescribed to alleviate hot flashes? 1 Estradiol 2 Raloxifene 3 Clomiphene 4 Dinoprostone
1 Estradiol is a form of estrogen that helps to alleviate hot flashes by increasing estrogen levels. Raloxifene may cause or increase hot flashes. Clomiphene may cause conception in infertile women and is not advised. Dinoprostone may cause a termination of pregnancy.
On reviewing the data of a client with thyroid disorder, the primary healthcare provider prescribed atenolol. Which assessment findings would indicate the need for atenolol therapy? Select all that apply. 1 Tachycardia 2 Atrial fibrillation 3 Distant heart sounds 4 Systolic hypertension 5 Decreased cardiac output
1,2,4 In hyperthyroidism, atenolol is prescribed to reduce cardiac manifestations. Tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, and systolic hypertension are cardiac manifestations associated with hyperthyroidism. Distant heart sounds are associated with hypothyroidism. The cardiac output is increased in hyperthyroidism.
What is the effect of parathyroid hormone on bones? Select all that apply. 1 Increased bone breakdown 2 Increased serum calcium levels 3 Increased sodium and phosphorus excretion 4 Increased absorption of calcium and phosphorus 5 Increased net release of calcium and phosphorus
1,2,5 Parathyroid hormone increases bone breakdown, which increases serum calcium levels. Parathyroid hormone increases net release of calcium and phosphorus from bone into the extracellular fluid. It increases sodium and phosphorus excretion by the kidneys, not in the bone and increases absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the gastrointestinal tract by using activated vitamin D. However, this increased absorption of calcium and phosphorus is not related to the bone.
A newborn's mother is being treated with clemastine while breast-feeding. Which physiologic factors alter the pharmacokinetic properties of this drug in the neonate? Select all that apply. 1 Decreased fat content 2 Increased protein binding 3 Immature blood-brain barrier 4 Increased first pass elimination 5 Decreased glomerular filtration rate
1,3,5 In neonates, the fat content is low due to a large amount of total body water. As a result, the drug readily enters the brain due to the neonate's immature blood-brain barrier. Neonates have immature kidneys; therefore, the glomerular filtration rate is decreased. Protein binding is decreased in neonates because the liver is immature and produces less protein. First stooling is delayed in neonates due to liver immaturity.
A client with Hodgkin disease is started on chemotherapy. The nurse teaches the client to notify the healthcare provider to seek treatment for which adverse response to chemotherapy? 1 Hair loss 2 Sores in the mouth 3 Moderate diarrhea after treatment 4 Nausea for 6 hours after treatment
2. Sores in the mouth Stomatitis is a common response to chemotherapy and should be brought to the healthcare provider's attention because a swish-and-swallow anesthetic solution can be prescribed to make the client more comfortable. Hair loss is also anticipated with some chemotherapeutic drugs; the effects are temporary and reversible. Moderate diarrhea is expected and is not a cause for concern unless dehydration results. Nausea is expected but should be reported if it lasts more than 24 hours.
A nurse is caring for a school-aged child with acute lymphoid leukemia. While examining the child's laboratory results, the nurse notes that the child is neutropenic. What does the nurse recognize as the cause of the neutropenia? 1 Internal bleeding 2 Overwhelming infection 3 Increased immature cell growth 4 Decreased intake of iron-rich nutrients
3 Extensive growth of lymphoblasts suppresses the usual growth of red cells, white cells, and platelets. Internal bleeding does not cause neutropenia. Infection is a result, not the cause, of leukopenia. An iron-intake deficit will not result in neutropenia.
The nurse provides preoperative education to a client with extensive cancer of the upper right lobe of the lung who is scheduled for a lobectomy. The nurse concludes that the teaching was effective when the client makes which statement? 1 "The healthcare provider is going to use a laser to destroy all of the cancer cells. I will have oxygen in place to help me breathe after the surgery." 2 "I don't even need the lobe they are taking out. I still have three lobes in my left lung to help me breathe after the surgery." 3 "I know that my entire right lung will be removed. I will have chest tubes to help with drainage after surgery." 4 "The remaining lung tissue will fill in the empty space. I will have chest tubes to help with drainage after surgery."
4 "The remaining lung tissue will fill in the empty space. I will have chest tubes to help with drainage after surgery." The statement "The remaining lung tissue will fill in the empty space. I will have chest tubes to help with drainage after surgery" indicates understanding of what a lobectomy involves, including closed-chest drainage; it shows that the client was given the information needed for an informed consent. This client's lesion is extensive; laser endoscopic or laser bronchoscopic surgery can be used for some smaller lesions. The right lung has three lobes and the left only two because of the position of the heart. Only the upper right lobe, not the entire right lung, is removed.
