Cellular Respiration: Aerobic Phase

After plants absorb energy from the Sun, the energy gets converted into _____ energy for the plant to carry out life activities.

chemical

Metabolic pathways _____.

control the flow of energy control enzyme activity can be linear or branched out *** all of the above

What is the definition of energy?

the ability to do work

If energy can't be created according to the first law of thermodynamics, where does it initially come from?

the sun

The first step of cellular respiration involves _____.

-Produces a net gain of 2 ATP -The splitting of a glucose molecule -Takes place in the cytoplasm

Mr. Jones tells his students that energy cannot be created; it must be captured from the environment. He is talking about the _____.

first law of thermodynamics

_____is a fuel your body uses for energy.

glucose

Cellular respiration occurs in which three stages?

glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport

Which factor will increase the rate of photosynthesis?

Increased carbon dioxide levels

After strenuous exercise sore muscles can occur because of?

A buildup of lactic acid in the tissues

Energy for the cell's use is stored when

ADP and P form ATP

Do you get all the energy from a piece of fruit you eat?

No, because some of the energy is dispersed as heat.

How do organisms acquire the energy they need to live?

Organisms capture energy from the environment.

Aerobic respiration takes place in the mitochondria because?

The enzymes and coenzymes needed for the reactions are located in the mitochondria

What macromolecule is produced during photosynthesis for plant food?

carbohydrates

What is the function of ATP?

To provide energy for many cellular reactions

_____ switch on enzyme activity, while ____ can switch off or reduce enzyme activity.

activators; inhibitors

Chains of enzyme reactions in a cell that regulate enzyme activity and energy flow are _____.

metabolic pathways

Cellular ____ is all of the chemical reactions in cells.

metabolism

During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into two _____ acid molecules.

pyruvic

Glycolysis ends in the production of _____.

pyruvic acid

According to the second law of thermodynamics, heat energy released by an organism is _____.

released into the environment and unusable

Cells harvest energy from food molecules by _____.

respiration

Energy required for life mostly comes from _____.

solar energy

Which factors affect the rate of photosynthesis? Select all that apply.

temperature pH water carbon dioxide soil nutrients light intensity

Photosynthesis can be broken down into two steps; the light and dark reactions. The dark reaction is also known as _____.

the Calvin cycle

The second stage of cellular respiration is _____.

the Krebs cycle

Photosynthesis continues to increase with temperature.

true within limits

What elements are needed to carry out photosynthesis? Select all that apply.

water solar energy carbon dioxide

The second law of thermodynamics states that _____.

when a process converts energy from one form to another, some energy converts into heat, an unusable form of energy

Leaves with carotenoid pigment turn _____ during the fall.

yellow and orange

Bacteria cultures that have been allowed to undergo fermentation have been used commercially for centuries in the production of _____ .

yogurt

Organisms that can produce their own food and feed themselves are called _____.

autotrophs

What general type of plant food is produced by photosynthesis?

carbohydrates

Which organelle contains chlorophyll and is the location for photosynthesis?

chloroplast

The green machines within a plant are the _____ .

chloroplasts

Chemical mechanisms that can turn off or reduce an enzyme are _____.

inhibitors

A person holding a bow has just released an arrow from the bow. The arrow shoots forward toward its target. What type of energy is being described?

kinetic

The ___ reaction of photosynthesis changes the energy of the Sun into chemical energy.

light

Hill is known for working out reactions taking place during the _____ of photosynthesis.

light reaction

Enzymes ____ the activation energy threshold required to start a chemical reaction.

lower

Which of the following is not a form of energy

matter

After a caterpillar eats a leaf, it can convert the chemical energy into _____ energy to help it build a cocoon.

mechanical

All of the chemical reactions in an organism for maintenance of life processes are called _____.

metabolism

All of the following are forms of energy a living organism can use except:

nuclear

The electron transport process makes water and ATP and is sometimes called ______ because it requires oxygen.

oxidative phosphorylation

In oxidation, ______ is needed to create a chemical reaction.

oxygen

Which factor can affect the rate of photosynthesis by denaturing enzymes in the plant?

pH levels

ADP can convert to ATP during

phosphorylation

A person is standing with a drawn bow and arrow. He is aiming it at a bull's-eye. What type of energy is being described?

potential

The water at the top of a waterfall has _____ energy.

potential

Stored energy is _____.

potential energy

When a pitcher is holding a baseball, the ball has _____energy. After the pitcher throws the ball, the ball has _____energy.

potential, kinetic

The chemical energy stored in ATP during photosynthesis is released during the dark phase to _____.

produce a carbohydrate from CO 2

What do glucose, starch, and cellulose have in common?

- They are all carbohydrates. - They are all related to photosynthesis.

Yeast has many commercial uses in the production of ____. Select all that apply.

- breads -fuels - wine

What conditions and/or raw materials are necessary for photosynthesis to occur?

- chlorophyll - CO 2 -H 2O - light

Which of the following are photosynthetic autotrophs?

- plants - protists - some bacteria - algae

The exchange of gases between animals and the environment is called

breathing

Match the following terms and definitions. 1. oxidation 2. phosphorylation 3. dephosphorylation

1. a chemical reaction in which oxygen is combined with another substance 2. when a phosphate is added to a molecule 3. when a phosphate is removed from a molecule

The ____reaction of photosynthesis puts carbon dioxide into the form of carbohydrates.

dark

When ATP is converted to ADP, ______ occurs.

dephoshorylation

ATP can convert to ADP during

dephosphorylation

The universe tends to move to a state of entropy or

disorder

Sunlight is a form of energy called _____.

electromagnetic energy

Which of the following is an example of energy changing from one form to another?

a fire

_____ is a process that helps fuel your metabolism.

Oxidation

The process by which plants convert sunlight into chemical energy is

Photosynthesis

The role of pigments in the photosynthesis reaction is to

Start the reaction by absorbing light energy

Most potential energy captured from food molecules is stored as ___.

ATP

_____ are chemical mechanisms that start a reaction.

Activators

Which statements apply to glycolysis?

- Splits a glucose molecule into pyruvic acid - Occurs in all living things -Occurs without oxygen present

What are the functions of ATP?

- provides the energy for respiration - provides the energy for all cytoplasmic chemical synthesis

Which statements apply to "food"?

- release energy during decomposition -storage medium for energy

A molecule composed of adenine (nitrogenous base), ribose, and three phosphates is known as _____.

ATP

Part of the photosynthesis process that puts carbon dioxide into the form of carbohydrates is the _____.

Calvin cycle

Which by-product of fermentation has been utilized in the production of bread?

Carbon dioxide

The Krebs cycle is considered a cycle because?

The citric acid formed remains in the mitochondria for the next acetyl CoA