Central Nervous System
The two major organs of the CNS include the _____, located in the cranial cavity, and the ______ _____, which occurs in the spinal cavity.
Brain, Spinal Cord
Tract
Bundle of myelinated fibers that are all functionally related
Nucleus
Collection of cell bodies in the CNS
Dura mater
Dense, irregular fibrous connective tissue; outermost membrane.
Projection fibers
Fiber that different areas of the brain and spinal cord
W or G: basal nuclei
Gray matter
W or G: cerebral cortex
Gray matter
W or G: posterior horn
Gray matter
W or G: thalamus
Gray matter
Corpora quadrigemina
Located in the midbrain; contains reflex centers for vision and hearing
Midbrain becomes what?
Mesencephalon (becomes brainstem: midbrain)
Hindbrain becomes what?
Metancephalon (becomes brainstem:pons & cerebellum) and myelencephalon (becomes brainstem: medulla oblongata)
ventral Root is always for _______________ neurons
Motor (neurons) (Somatic: initiate movement)
Forebrain becomes what?
Telencephalon (becomes cerebrum) and diencephalon
Decussation
The anatomical crossing over of neurons from left to right
cerebral aqueduct
canal that connects the third and fourth ventricles
anterior root
carries motor impulses away from the CNS
Corpus callosum connects the left and right _________________ hemispheres
cerebral
The ______________ ___________________ allows for the flow of cerebrospinal fluid from the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle.
cerebral aqueduct
basal nuclei
cerebral gray matter that smooths/steadies voluntary movements
Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by capillary tufts called:
choroid plexus
Gray matter
collection of nerve cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers within the CNS
Corpus callosum is an example of a _____________________ tract
commissural
corpus callosum
commissural tract connecting right and left cerebral hemispheres
Posterior root ganglion
contains cell bodies of sensory neurons
Anterior root
contains motor fibers
Posterior root
contains sensory fibers
Occipital lobe
contains the primary visual cortex
medulla oblongata
controls cardiac, respiratory, vasomotor, and basic reflexes.
Cerebellum
coordinates complex muscular movements
Functions of CSF:
cushions the brain, maintains a constant temperature, removes wastes, increases buoyancy
Pia mater
delicate membrane layer, highly vascularized.
longitudinal fissure
divides the two cerebral hemisphers
Association fiber
fibers that connect different parts of the same cerebral hemisphere
Commissural fiber
fibers that connect right and left cerebral hemispheres
Spinal nerve
formed by the fusion of the posterior and anterior roots of the spinal nerves
Hypothalamus is made of _________ matter
gray
Thalamus is made of ____________ matter
gray
Arachnoid mater
loose membrane layer; middle membrane
thalamus
major sensory relay station of the brain
The brain and spinal cord are covered by a triple-layered set of fibrous connective tissue membranes, called the:
meninges
arachnoid mater
middle meninx delicate with cottony fibers
Endocrine control makes antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and ______________________
oxytocin
frontal lobe
part of brain most involved with logic and higher thought
postcentral gyrus
part of brain where we perceive cutaneous sensations
descending tract
part of spinal cord white matter that carries motor information
Ascending tract
part of spinal cord white matter that carries sensory information
Decussation
place where fibers or pathways cross
precentral gyrus
posteior margin of the frontal lobe
precentral gyrus
primary somatomotor region
The primary purpose of meningal connective tissue membranes is _______________ of the brain and spinal cord.
protection
hypothalamus
regulates endocrine system and many homeostatic functions
arachnoid villa
returns cerebrospinal fluid to the venous blood in the dural venous sinuses
cerebellum
second largest part of brain; balance, posture, coordination & motor learning
Dorsal Root is always for ____________ neurons
sensory (neurons)
transverse cerebral fissure
separates the occipital lobe from the cerebellum
Lateral fissure
separates the temporal lobe from the frontal/parietal lobes.
Choroid plexus
structure that produces the cerebrospinal fluid
Three openings in the fourth ventricle allow for the flow of cerebrospinal fluid to the ______________ ________________.
subarachnoid space
midbrain
superior brainstem that contains visual and auditory reflex centers
Thalamus is located at the _________ _______________-
superior diencephalon
thalamus
the interthalamic adhesion connects its two lobes
Cortex
the outer layer of an organ
Primary somatosensory cortex
the region of the anterior parietal lobe whose primary input is from the somatosensory system
Anterior funiculus
the white matter of the spinal cord lying on either side between the anterior median fissure and the ventral root.
Lateral funiculus
the white matter of the spinal cord lying on either side between the anterior median fissure and the ventral root.
Cerebrospinal fluid flows from the lateral ventricle to the _____________ ventricle.
third (thalamus)
Hypothalamus: visceral control center of the body, containing nuclei that controls homeostasis
true
The thalamus is the main entrance to the cerebral cortex
true
The two thalamus lobes are connected by the intermediate mass
true
posterior root ganglion
where nerve cell bodies of sensory neurons of the PNS reside
Corpus Callosum is made of ____________ matter
white
Central canal
A tiny channel found within the spinal cord and inferior medulla oblongata
Anterior root does what?
EXIT THE CORD
Posterior/dorsal horn
Posterior projections of the gray matter. Consists entirely of inter-neurons receiving somatic and visceral input from sensory neurons
Gyrus
Ridge on the outer surface of the CNS
Central Sulcus
Separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe
Pituitary gland
The infundibulum connects this gland to the hypothalamus
W or G: anterior column/funiculus
White matter
W or G: arbor vitae
White matter
W or G: corpus callosum
White matter
falx cerebri
a dural fold that attaches the cerebrum to the crista galli of the skull
Anterior median fissure
a groove along the anterior midline of the spinal cord that incompletely divides it into symmetrical halves
Posterior median sulcus
a longitudinal shallow groove on the posterior side of the spinal cord
Anterior/ventral horn
a section of gray matter that extends towards the anterior part of spinal cord, has motor neurons
Fissure
a wider and often deeper groove on the outer surface of the CNS
postcentral gyrus
anterior margin of the parietal lobe
Structures that are responsible for reabsorption of CSF back into the blood are known as:
arachnoid villi
pons
interconnects different parts of the brain; also has respiratory centers
Posterior funiculus
lies between the posterior gray horns on the posterior side of the cord and the posterior median sulcus
Sulcus
narrow, shallow groove on the outer surface of the CNS
