Ch 10

A water loss of _______ of body weight can impair physical and cognitive performance. A. 20% B. 10% C. 5-7% D. 1-2%

1-2%

The UL for sodium intake is _______ mg/day. A. One has not been established B. 1850 C. 1000 D. 2300

2300

Approximately what percentage of the adult human body is water? A. 40% B. 60% C. 80% D. 20%

60%

Which of the following individuals is at risk for dehydration? A. A child recovering from diarrhea B. All are potentially at risk for dehydration C. An athlete, exercising in cool weather D. An elderly woman, just returning from a 4 hour flight

ALL

Which statement concerning electrolyte imbalance is true? A. It can cause sudden heart failure. B. It can occur in anorexia nervosa. C. It can disturb acid base balance. D. All of these statements are true.

ALL

High blood pressure results in all of the following EXCEPT: A. an increased diabetes risk. B. an increased risk of stroke. C. weakening of and damage to artery walls. D. the heart working harder.

an increased diabetes risk.

In most people, hypertension results from: A. diabetes. B. kidney disease. C. atherosclerosis. D. no obvious external cause.

no obvious external cause.

The shrinking of a strawberry from water loss after being sprinkled with sugar is an example of: A. alkalosis. B. osmosis. C. diffusion. D. condensation.

osmosis

The DASH (Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension) diet is best characterized by: A. plenty of high-protein and dairy foods. B. plenty of fruits, vegetables & whole grains, with lean protein and low-fat dairy foods. C. high intake of fruits and vegetables, but no dairy foods. D. abundant whole & refined grains and high-protein foods, but low in dairy.

plenty of fruits, vegetables & whole grains, with lean protein and low-fat dairy foods.

All of the following occur when the concentration of sodium in the blood rises EXCEPT: A. blood volume rises. B. blood pressure rises. C. renin is released. D. water moves into the blood.

renin is released

Good sources of potassium include all of the following EXCEPT: A. potatoes. B. bananas. C. snack crackers. D. tomatoes.

snack crackers.

In the United States, the typical diet is high in _______ and low in ________. A. sodium and chloride; potassium B. iron; potassium C. sodium; potassium and chloride D. sodium; phosphorous

sodium and chloride; potassium

Healthy blood pressure is defined as ___________________ mm of mercury. Selected Answer: A. ≤ 120/80 B. ≤ 140/90 C. between 120/80 and 140/90 D. ≤ 160/100

≤ 120/80

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the role of water in regulating body temperature? A. When body temperature rises, sweat is produced; this evaporates to cool the body. B. Water changes temperature slowly, helping to maintain body temperature. C. High body temperature increases blood flow to the kidneys increasing urine production, thus dissipating excess heat. D. Low body temperature causes restricted blood flow to the skin to conserve body heat.

High body temperature increases blood flow to the kidneys increasing urine production, thus dissipating excess heat.

Which of the following is LEAST likely to result in an increased need for water? A. A low-calorie diet B. Consuming many high protein foods C. High potassium intake D. Lactation

High potassium intake

Nerve conduction and muscle contraction depend on which minerals? A. Chloride & potassium B. Phosphorous & calcium C. Sodium & potassium D. Sodium & fluoride

Sodium & potassium

Which of the following best describes the distribution of sodium and potassium in the body? A. Sodium and potassium are primarily extracellular. B. Sodium is primarily intracellular; potassium is primarily extracellular. C. Sodium is primarily extracellular; potassium is primarily intracellular. D. Sodium and potassium are primarily intracellular.

Sodium is primarily extracellular; potassium is primarily intracellular.

Most of the salt consumed by Americans is: A. added at the table. B. added during home preparation. C. added to food during processing and manufacturing. D. found naturally in food.

added to food during processing and manufacturing.

Sodium, chloride, and potassium in cells and body fluids are examples of: A. electrolytes. B. condensates. C. solvents. D. phytates.

electrolytes

Positively and negatively charged ions in water are called: A. inert. B. non-polar. C. solvents. D. electrolytes.

electrolytes.

Extracellular fluid does NOT include: A. lymph. B. fluid within cells. C. blood. D. interstitial fluid

fluid within cells

he best source of potassium per calorie comes from: A. low-fat dairy. B. lean protein. C. fruits and vegetables. D. whole grains.

fruits and vegetables.

The DASH diet is: A. high in potassium, calcium and magnesium while low in sodium. B. high in sodium and potassium while low in calcium and magnesium. C. high in calcium and magnesium while low in sodium and potassium. D. high is sodium while low in calcium, magnesium and potassium.

high in potassium, calcium and magnesium while low in sodium.

Diets high in sodium have been linked to _____________ in some people. A. diabetes B. cancer C. hypertension D. all of these

hypertension

Drinking plain water after a long period of excessive sweating can do all of the following EXCEPT: A. cause water toxicity. B. dilute the sodium in the blood. C. increase potassium in the blood causing high blood pressure. D. result in nausea, muscle cramps and confusion

increase potassium in the blood causing high blood pressure.