Ch. 10
What are the characteristics of John Kotter's (2012) framework of change?
* Accelerators must operate concurrently rather than in sequence. * Traditional hierarchy must be complemented by flexible and agile networks.
What are the main elements of the ADKAR change model?
* Awareness * Reinforcement * Knowledge * Desire * Ability
What are the major factors of The Hope Hailey - Balogun Change Kaleidoscope?
* Capacity * Scope * Time * Power of the manager * Readiness of staff * Capability
Match the following styles of change with their descriptions.
* Collaborative - Widespread employee participation in key decisions * Consultative - Limited staff involvement in setting goals relevant to areas of responsibility * Directive - The use of authority in reaching decisions about change and the future
According to the DICE model, what are the factors that determine if a change program will "fly or die"?
* Commitment * Duration * Integrity * Effort
Match the following directive-coercive modes of change implementation with their descriptions.
* Forced evolution - It should be used when minor adjustments are required, where time is available, but where key interest groups oppose change. * Dictatorial transformation - It should be used when major adjustments are necessary, where there is no time for participation or internal support for strategic change, but where it is necessary for survival.
According to Patrick Dawson and Andriopoulos (2017), what are the factors that must be considered to understand change?
* The transition process, tasks, and activities * The substance of a change itself * The past, present, and future in which a firm functions
Which of the following statements are true of the stage models of change management?
* They introduce a temporal dimension to change management. * They can be used to complement the checklist approach to change management.
Match the following change kaleidoscope implementation options with their descriptions.
* Type - The scope and speed of a proposed change. * Start point - Top-down, button-up, a combination, or pilot sites and pockets of good practice. * Style - From coercive to collaborative, varied by staff group and phase of change * Target - Focus on changing outputs, behaviors, attitudes, and values * Roles - Responsibility for implementing: leadership, change teams, external facilitation
Match the following stages of change with their descriptions.
* Unfreezing - Changing attitudes by making people feel uncomfortable about the way things are because they could be improved, and so establishing the motive to change. * Moving - Implementing the change to move to the desired new state * Refreezing - Embedding or institutionalizing the new behaviors, to prevent people from drifting back to previous ways of doing things
Match the following stages of Kurt Lewin's (1951) model of change with the demands that they make on change managers.
* Unfreezing - Convincing those involved of the need to change * Moving - Putting the change in place * Refreezing - Redesigning roles, systems, and procedures to prevent a return to past practice
Match the following collaborative-consultative modes of change implementation with their descriptions.
*Charismatic transformation - It should be used when a firm needs major adjustments to meet environmental conditions, where there is little time for participation, and where there is support for radical change. * Participative evolution - It should be used when an organization needs minor adjustment to meet environmental conditions, where time is available, and where key interest groups favor change.
Arrange the following stages of the McKinsey 5A model of change in the correct order.
1. Aspire 2. Assess 3. Architect 4. Act 5. Advance
Rank the following stages of John Kotter's model of transformation change in the correct order.
1. Establish a sense of urgency 2. Form a powerful guiding coalition 3. Create a vision 4. Communicate a vision 5. Empower others to act on a vision 6. Plan for and create short-term wins 7. Consolidate gains, produce more change 8. Institutionalize new approaches
Arrange the following elements of the scale of change in the correct order as detailed by Stace and Dunphy (2001).
1. Fine-tuning 2. Incremental adjustment 3. Modular transformation 4. Corporate transformation
What happens when an organization uses the consult style of change management?
A greater amount of information is used, leading to better decisions.
Which of the following is true of change management according to Dawson and Andriopoulus (2017)?
Challenging taken-for-granted assumptions through critical reflection can be crucial to successful change.
In the context of Stouten's evidence-based approach to change management, which of the following actions should a change manager take in the Diagnosis (1) step?
Collect facts regarding the nature of the problem.
According to managers, which of the following is a reason for the failure of organizational change?
Diverting resources and everyone's attention away from the change.
Identify a true statement about Kurt Lewin's (1951) model of change.
Each stage of change requires different actions from change agents.
What is the final step in Kotter's eight-stage model of transformational change?
Empowering staff to act on a vision.
What is the first step in Kotter's eight-stage model of transformational change?
Establishing a sense of urgency.
True or false: John Kotter (2012) does not adopt a distributed approach to change leadership.
False
True or false: Organizational change is most likely to succeed when there are a lot of policies and procedures set up.
False
True or false: The context factors of the change kaleidoscope can be neither constraints nor enablers.
False
True or false: The tell and sell style of change management is never seen as cosmetic by employees.
False
Identify the question that corresponds to Aspire in the McKinsey 5A model.
How do we manage the journey?
According to Stouten et al. (2018), in which of the following steps should a change manager implement evidence-based change interventions?
Identifying solutions
Identify an attribute of the ADKAR approach?
It focuses on individual perceptions, weaknesses, and strengths.
Which of the following is true of the change kaleidoscope approach?
It highlights the contextual problems that must be taken into account by change managers while implementing change.
Identify a limitation of the process perspective of change.
It may present change as a highly complex and unmanageable process.
Which of the following is a limitation of the process perspective of change?
It offers advice that covers only those issues to which change management should be sensitive.
Which of the following is a true statement about the duration, integrity, commitment, and effort (DICE) model developed by the Boston Consulting Group?
It provides reassurance that change can be controlled and managed effectively in a logical and predictable manner.
Which of the following is a disadvantage of the change management style of inviting participation?
It tends to conflict with the concept of management accountability, and the management loses some control over outcomes.
Which of the following laws that states that change often looks like a failure in the middle is invoked by Kurt Lewin's second stage of change?
Kanter's law
What is a drawback of the invite participation style of change management?
Management accountability leads to the emergence of conflicts.
Which of the following is true of Kurt Lewin's (1951) model of change?
Managers are advised to create an atmosphere of positive dissatisfaction to initiate change.
Which of the following is NOT one of Dawson and Andriopoulos's "general lessons" concerning change management practice?
Many assumptions can be taken for granted, and time should not be wasted questioning these assumptions.
Identify an accurate statement about the director image of change management.
People who use this approach follow a practical, managerialist approach to achieve change.
Which of the following is true of the DICE model?
Scoring the DICE factors will determine if change is in the win zone, the worry zone, or the woe zone.
Identify a true statement about process perspectives of change.
They advise people to focus on the wider context in which change is taking place.
Identify a characteristic of checklist approaches to change management.
They believe that the change process can be regulated by planning.
Which of the following is a criticism of the stage models of change management?
They offer "high level" guidance, leaving the change managers to determine how to apply that advice in a particular context.
When is a transformational change process most likely to be implemented smoothly?
When frontline employees are provided with the initiative to drive the changes
According to Gardini et al. (2011), change is most likely to be successful if ______________.
a comprehensive procedure with specific and meaningful goals is designed for the change.
According to Marco Gardini et al., change is said to be successful if
a comprehensive program with clear and meaningful goals that links those in pivotal roles with the changes that the rest of the organization has to make is designed.
An advantage of the invite participation style of change management is that _____________.
all the available data is used to influence the change process
According to Dunphy and Stace, the disadvantage of the tell and sell change management style is that it ____________.
can cause resentment
Contingency approaches to change management are criticized because ____________.
change managers need to have extensive knowledge of the change context to make informed judgements
According to Dunphy and Stace, the style of change adopted when an organization needs major adjustments to meet environmental conditions, where there is little time for participation, and where there is support for radical change is called _____________.
charismatic transformation
According to Patrick Dawson and Andriopoulos (2017), the _____________ factor refers to the past, present, and future in which an organization functions.
context
According to Patrick Dawson and Andriopoulus (2017), the _____________ factor refers to the past, present, and future in which an organization functions.
context
Which of the following guidelines for managing performance relates to the aspire stage of McKinsey's 5A model of change?
creating a long-term plan for change
In the process perspective, Dawson and Andriopoulos advocate ___________, challenging taken-for-granted assumptions, which may be desirable if it subverts a weak initiative.
critical reflection
The style of change management that combines transformative change strategies and directive-coercive styles is _________________.
dictatorial transformation
The image of change management that underpins the change management approaches associated with the work of large consulting companies is the ____________ image.
director
The image of change management that underpins the change management approaches associated with the work of large consulting companies is the ______________ image.
director
Stage models of change management are criticized on the grounds of their
disregard for past events that influence current attempts toward change
Stage models of change management are criticized on the grounds of their _______________.
disregard for past events that influence current attempts toward change
According to Stace and Dunphy (2001), which of the following is a scale of change that involves refining procedures and policies at divisional or departmental levels in an organization?
fine-tuning
According to Kotter's eight-stage model of transformational change, during the stage in which management would ensure that there is a strong change group to guide the change, the actions taken would include ____________.
forming a powerful guiding coalition
An organization that uses the tell and sell style of change management is most likely to ________________.
have a high degree of control over the change process
In the context of the change kaleidoscope implementation options, ____________ refers to the mechanisms and levers that are involved in the change process.
interventions
A true statement about the ADKAR change model is that _______________.
it advices the change manager to concentrate on the individuals involved in and affected by the change
A true statement about John Kotter's eight-stage model of transformation change is that _________________.
it is based on Lewin's model of change
One of the main criticisms of the contingency approach is that
it is more ambitious and difficult to explain than the simpler "off the shelf" competition from checklists and stage models.
A limitation of the process perspective of change is that ___________.
it relegates the ones involved in the change process to the role of sense-givers and interpreters
Andrew Pettigrew, one of the architects of the processual perspective, cautioned against ___________.
looking for single causes and simple explanations for change
An advantage of the tell style of change management is that _____________.
management has full control of the change process
The ADKAR change model pays little attention to the _____________.
nature and ramifications of the wider organizational context and the process of change
The ADKAR change model pays little attention to the _________________.
nature and ramifications of the wider organizational context and the process of change.
The change kaleidoscope approach is consistent to a certain degree with the _______________ image of change management.
navigator
The style of change implementation that is the combination of incremental change strategies and collaborative-consultative modes is _____________.
participative evolution
According to Dawson and Andriopoulos (2017), a true statement about change management is that ______________.
planning, time, and flexibility are necessary to change attitudes and behaviors toward change
In the context of change management, ______________ are most likely to argue that one has to comprehend how the substance, context, and process interact over time to produce desired outcomes in order to understand organizational change.
process perspectives
In the context of change management, _________________ are most likely to argue that one has to comprehend how the substance, context, and process interact over time to produce desired outcomes in order to understand organizational change.
process perspectives
Contextual perspectives of change are most likely to _____________.
recognize change as a process with a past, a present, and a future
Contextual perspectives of change are most likely to _______________.
recognize change as a process with a past, a present, and a future
In the context of Kurt Lewin's stage model of change management, embedding or institutionalizing the new behaviors to prevent people from drifting back to previous ways of doing things is called ________.
refreezing
Management is most likely to have the highest degree of control over the change process if the ___________ style of change management is used.
tell
Organizational change is most likely to be successful if _____________.
the change begins with the employees whose work is most impacted by change
A transformational change process is most likely to be successful if ____________>
the change process has particular, clearly defined initiatives.
A disadvantage of the consult style of change management is that ________________.
the process is very time-consuming
Identify the meaning of the duration factor in the DICE Model developed by the Boston Consulting Group.
the time span until the program is completed if it has a short life; if not short, the amount of time between reviews or milestones.
A criticism of contingency approaches to change management is that _______________.
they are more complex and ambiguous than the checklists and stage models of change
An accurate statement about checklist approaches to change management is that _______________.
they are popular among management consultancies and professional bodies.
An advantage of processual perspectives of change is that ____________.
they comprehend the complex nature of change
An advantage of processual perspectives of change is that _______________.
they comprehend the complex nature of change
A characteristic of stage models of change management is that ______________.
they suggest that change managers will have to take different actions at different steps of the process
Collaborative style of change, as identified by Stace and Dunphy (2001), involves _________________.
widespread involvement of employees in decision making
