Ch 13

Motivator

According to Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory, _____ needs are related to the nature of the work itself and how challenging it is.

Hygiene

According to Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory, _____ needs are related to the physical and psychological context in which the work is performed.

A sense of accomplishment

According to Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory, which of the following outcomes helps to satisfy motivator needs?

Job security

According to Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory, which of the following outcomes satisfies hygiene needs?

Power

According to McClelland, the need for _____ is the extent to which an individual desires to control or influence others.

Achievement

According to McClelland, the need for _____ is the extent to which an individual has a strong desire to perform challenging tasks well and to meet personal standards for excellence.

Is concerned about maintaining good interpersonal relations

According to McClelland, the need for affiliation is the extent to which an individual:

B.F. Skinner's operant conditioning theory

According to _____, employees will be motivated to perform at a high level and attain their work goals to the extent that high performance and goal attainment allow them to obtain outcomes they desire.

Instrumentality

According to the expectancy theory, _____ is a person's perception about the extent to which performance at a certain level results in the attainment of outcome.

Believe that high levels of effort lead to high performance and, ultimately, to the attainment of the desired goals

According to the expectancy theory, motivation is high when people:

Valence

According to the expectancy theory, the term _____ refers to how desirable each of the outcomes available from a job or organization is to a person.

Extinction

One way for managers to curtail the performance of dysfunctional behaviors is to eliminate whatever is reinforcing the behaviors. This process is called _____.

Scanlon

The _____ plan motivates employees to propose and implement cost-cutting strategies because a percentage of the cost savings achieved during the specified time is distributed to the employees.

Intrinsic

The source of _____ motivation lies with actually performing the behavior, and motivation comes from doing the work itself.

Extrinsic

The source of _____ motivation lies with the acquisition of material or social rewards.

Punishment

When John violated the company's code of ethics, he was suspended for eight weeks without pay. This is an example of _____.

Negative

When _____ reinforcement is used, people are motivated to perform behaviors because they want to stop receiving or avoid undesired outcomes.

Piece-rate plan

When an organization bases employees' pay on the number of units each employee produces, it is using a(n) _____.

Physiological needs

Which of the following forms the base of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

Self-actualization needs

Which of the following forms the pinnacle of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

The source of his motivation lies with performing his role well and achieving organizational goals

Which of the following is true of Michael, a manager of stellar performance, who is driven by intrinsic motivation?

The source of motivation is the consequences of the behavior, not the behavior itself

Which of the following is true of extrinsic motivation?

It seeks to improve the well-being of other people

Which of the following is true of prosocially motivated behavior?

Social learning theory

Which of the following theories proposes that motivation results not only from direct experience of rewards and punishments but also from a person's thoughts and beliefs?

Clayton Alderfer's ERG theory

_____ collapsed the five categories of needs in Maslow's hierarchy into three universal categories: existence, relatedness, and growth.

Goal-setting theory

_____ considers how managers can ensure that organization members focus their inputs in the direction of high performance and the achievement of organizational targets.

Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory

_____ drew attention to the important distinction between intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation.

Underpayment inequity

_____ exists when a person's own outcome-input ratio is perceived to be less than that of a referent.

Self-efficacy

_____ is a person's belief about his or her ability to perform a behavior successfully.

Equity theory

_____ is a theory of motivation that concentrates on people's perceptions of the fairness of their work outcomes relative to, or in proportion to, their work inputs.

Motivation

_____ is central to management because it explains what drives or will drive people to achieve organizational goals.

Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory

_____ proposes that all people seek to satisfy five basic kinds of needs: physiological needs, safety needs, belongingness needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs.

Positive

_____ reinforcement gives people outcomes they desire when they perform organizationally functional behaviors.