Ch 13 Dorsal and Ventral Roots and Gray Matter

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sympathetic nervous system

What are the multipolar neurons in the lateral horn specific for?

thoracic and superior lumber segments (T1-L1)

Where are the lateral horns?

they contain both sensory axons and motor axons

Why are spinal nerves mixed?

These regions need a large number of myelinated axons because they are controlling upper and lower limbs.

Why are the cervical and lumber regions enlarged?

dorsal root

afferent neurons transmit signals from the rest of the body to the spinal cord and enter through the:

dorsal root ganglia

cluster of cell bodies of unipolar sensory neurons whose axons travel in the spinal cord via the dorsal roots

dorsal and ventral horns

columns of gray matter extending the entire length of the spinal cord

gray commissure

connects masses of gray matter; encloses central canal

ventral roots

consist of axons from motor neurons, which bring info to the periphery from cell bodies within the CNS

gray matter

consists of cell bodies of interneurons and motor neurons

dorsal horn

consists of many multipolar interneurons

ventral horn

consists of many multipolar somatic motor neurons

white matter

consists of myelinated motor and sensory axons

intervertebral foramina

dorsal roots and ventral roots come together and exit the ______________________ as they become spinal nerves

dorsal and ventral horns

each spinal nerve has two roots in the spinal cord:

ventral root

efferent neurons transmit signals from the spinal cord to the rest of the body and exit through the:

ventral median fissure

groove on the anterior side of the vertebrae and carries a lot of vascular structures that serve the spinal cod

ventral median fissure

large fissure in comparison to the dorsal median sulcus and can help when determining the orientation of the vertebrae

lateral horns

small lateral gray matter columns present only in the thoracic and superior lumbar segments (T1-L1)

effectors

spinal nerves extend from the spinal cord to _____________

cervical

the _________ region of the spinal cord has the largest amount of white matter

sacral

the __________ region of the spinal cord has the least amount of white matter

gray matter

the ___________ in the spinal cord is located internally

thoracic

the ___________ region of the spinal cord has the least amount of gray matter relative to the other regions

white matter

the _______________ in the spinal cord is located externally

upper limbs

the cervical region innervates the _________________

lower limbs

the lumbar region innervates the ______________

dorsal median sulcus

the posterior, shallower of the two grooves that partially divide the spinal cord into left and right halves

increases

the ratio of white matter to grey matter ______________ as you move up the spinal column

dorsal and ventral horns

these give off small axons that accumulates together to form a root

dorsal root ganglia

this gives the dorsal root a large bump, which is useful for distinguishing between the two roots

ventral horn

this horn sends its axons out to synapse on skeletal muscles


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