Ch. 17 Blood

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Which of the following conditions stimulates an increase in the production of RBCs?

(low blood oxygen levels, hypoxia) both

Which of the following are phases of hemostasis?

(vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation) all of the above

What is the normal percentage of basophils?

1%

What is the normal life span of erythrocytes?

100-120 days

Which of the following best represents the normal percentage of plasma in blood?

55%

What is the average normal pH range of blood?

7.35-7.45

What percentage of plasma is made up of proteins?

8%

Which of the following leukocytes does not contain granules?

Lymphocytes

Which blood type is called the universal donor?

O

Which of the following blood cells transports CO2 and oxygen.

• Erythrocytes

The most abundant plasma protein is ________.

Albumin

Condition in which blood has abnormally low oxygen-carrying capacity.

Anemia

Basophils increase in number when parasitic invasion occurs.

False - Eosinophils fight parasites

Contains dark blue staining granules that release histamine and heparin.

Basophil

Hemoglobin is made up of the protein heme and the red pigment globin.

False - Protein globin and red heme pigment

Diapedesis is the process by which red blood cells move into tissue spaces from the interior of blood capillaries.

False - only white blood cells can do this

Most RBCs are destroyed in is the liver.

False- spleen

Forms fibrin during hemostasis

Fibrinogen

Which is the term used to describe a free-floating thrombus in the bloodstream?

Embolus

Nucleus has two lobes (sunglasses appearance); stains red; contains granules with lysosomal enzymes; function - attacks parasitic worms.

Eosinophil

Which of the following hormones if release by the kidneys and is a direct stimulus for erythropoiesis?

Erythropoietin

The primary source of RBCs in the adult human being is the bone marrow in the shafts of the long bones.

False

Which of the following might trigger erythropoiesis?

Hypoxia

What organ in the body regulates erythrocyte production?

Kidney

Which organ regulates erythropoiesis?

Kidney

Which condition is a cancer of bone marrow that results in an excessive production of white blood cells?

Leukemia

The functions of blood can be divided into distributive, regulatory, and protective functions. Which of the following is a regulatory function of blood?

Maintenance of normal pH in body tissues

Platelets are produced from a precursor cell called a ________.

Megakareocyte

Largest of the WBCS; crucial in. defense against viruses; associated with chronic infections.

Monocyte

Which of the following leukocytes enters the tissues as a macrophage?

Monocyte

Nucleus is multilobed; functions as a phagocyte; contains fine indistinct granules.

Neutrophil

Which of the following is the most abundant type of leukocyte?

Neutrophils

Which of the following best describes oxygen transport in blood?

Oxygen attaches to the iron-containing portion of hemoglobin

Which of the following is true about blood plasma?

Plasma is about 90% water.

In the adult, most blood cells are produced in the _______.

Spongy bone and epiphyses of long bones

Platelets ________.

Stick to the damaged area of a blood vessel and help seal the break

Which of the following is characteristic of all leukocytes?

They are nucleated

During hemostasis, which of the following converts the soluble protein fibrinogen to fibrin fibers?

Thrombin

All lymphocytes are leukocytes, but not all leukocytes are lymphocytes.

True

Each heme contains an atom of iron and can transport one molecule of oxygen.

True

Granulocytes called neutrophils are phagocytic and are the most numerous of all white blood cell types.

True

Leukemia refers to cancerous conditions of white blood cells.

True

Leukopenia is an abnormally low number of leukocytes.

True

Positive chemotaxis is a feedback system that signals leukocyte migration into damaged areas.

True

An individual with Type AB blood can usually donate blood to people with which of the following blood types. (Choose all correct)

Type AB

In which of the following ways is most of the carbon dioxide in the blood transported?

it becomes part of the bicarbonate ion

As red blood cells age ________.

membranes "wear out" and the cells rupture


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