CH 17: hip-hop and rap

The goal of many of the political and social statements in East Coast rap was to _____.

encourage more unity among African Americans and urge them to make stronger demands for equality

Latino rap became particularly important in Los Angeles because of the competitive desire to match the _____ of gang raps by African American rappers.

ethnic orientation

Langston Hughes was an important poet of the Harlem Renaissance who was criticized by his own people for _____.

exposing their underground language

To provide music for break dancers in the tough ghettos of New York, disco jockeys would plug their sound systems into electric power from streetlight poles and play _____.

funk or disco music

Ice-T's real concerns were about _____, so he decided to rap on that subject instead of the party type of chatter he used to rap about.

gang violence in his neighborhood

Run-DMC's hard-core rap helped open the door for _____ on the West Coast in the late eighties.

gangsta rap

Despite the initial criticism aimed at its writers, the Harlem Renaissance came to be credited for the open-minded honesty of the works, and _____ became more openly recognized as an important expression of life in Harlem and other African American communities.

ghetto language

A group of writers in Harlem during the twenties wrote honest and insightful works that portrayed _____, and this marked the beginning of the Harlem Renaissance.

ghetto life

Ice-T received a large amount of negative press in 1992 when his heavy-metal band recorded the song "Cop Killer" on their Body Count album as the song referred to _____.

going out and "dusting off" some cops

N.W.A.'s (*****s with Attitude) "Gangsta Gangsta" from their Straight Outta Compton (1988) album begins with _____, and makes it clear that they planned to continue to "say it like it is" in their Los Angeles neighborhood.

gunshots

Run-DMC's first hit on the rhythm and blues charts was "It's Like That." The nonfunky clarity of the instrumental production and the vocals that stressed stark realities of urban life created a new hip-hop style called _____.

hard-core rap

The music the Zulu Nation identified with was _____, which involved the disc jockeys manipulating whatever records they had.

hip-hop

One of the leaders of the Latino rappers was Kid Frost who used his raps to point out _____.

instances of police brutality and street violence in his own neighborhood

Langston Hughes added to the African American flavor of his poetry by using phrases that imitated the rhythmic flow of _____.

jazz melodic lines

African American rappers in Compton, California described the violence on the streets of their neighborhoods that politicians _____.

knew existed but ignored

Among the most outspoken of the West Coast rap groups of the late eighties and early nineties was _____.

n.w.a

The lyric message expressed by Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five in "The Message" (1982) that compared ghetto life to a jungle represented a major change because previous rap lyrics had been about _____.

partying and dancing

Singers of country blues and other rural styles of the twenties and thirties such as Blind Willie Johnson, Pine Top Smith, and Memphis Minnie sometimes used _____ in sections of their songs.

patter speech

In the music of the Zulu Nation, _____ sometimes went along with the manipulation of records by disc jockeys.

patter-talk in the form of rap

In order to be able to switch from a particular section of one recording that break dancers seemed to like the most to a favorite section of another, DJ Kool Herc decided to _____.

play from two turntables

In many ways, DJ Kool Herc is the Father of Hip-Hop because he was the first to introduce Jamaican disc jockeying techniques and toasting into New York's break dancing performances, a combination that led to the development of _____.

rap

________ was a technique used by hip-hop disc jockeys and rappers that involved taking selected sections from other recordings and repeating and mixing those sections to create a background sound.

sampling

Where Chuck D had gained a reputation for his angry remarks between songs at his concerts in the past, his performances in the nineties included _____ rather than a mere venting of rage.

serious talks about his personal commitments

During the days of slavery, the poetic lyrics of spirituals included at least two levels of meaning, allowing slaves to tell one another about pathways to freedom while sounding like simple religious songs to white listeners. The term for this is____________ , and it relates to much rap music.

signifying

Latino rap was a rap style that used a combination of Spanish and English and _____.

slang from the Latin American barrio

In East Coast rap, some band members and their fans wore "X" on their shirts or caps to represent their support of the _____.

teachings of Malcolm X

Sylvia Robinson, the owner of a record company, heard "Master Gee" Guy O'Brien, "Wonder Mike" Michael Wright, and "Big Bank Hank" Henry Jackson rapping at a party and asked them to record for her. The trio called themselves _____, after the name of their record company.

the Sugarhill Gang

Afrika Bambaataa liked to break dance, and he organized his neighbors into what he called _____ around the basic values of freedom, justice, equality, knowledge, wisdom, and understanding.

the Zulu Nation

The title cut from Coolio's album Gangsta's Paradise (1995) portrayed a view that was a change from earlier statements that tended to portray street violence as unpreventable by taking a thoughtful look at the world of gang rivalry and _____.

the people who are more hurt than helped by it

Modeling themselves after Ice-T, many young African American men in Compton, California, began to rap about _____.

the way in which the police handled street violence

Disc jockeys in Jamaica during the late sixties developed a style of patter-talk called _____, and this was later imitated by funk disc jockeys.

toasting or dubbing

Eminem's first hit single "Just Don't Give a F***" (1999) was characterized by his _____.

use of foul language

As exemplified by his song "Kim," Eminem's lyrics are _____.

violent at times

Moonwalk

A mimelike motion in which the dancer stays in one place while moving as if walking

What is the significance of Ice-T's record "Six 'N the Morning" (1986)?

It was his first gangsta rap record.

Breakdown

A DJ's slowing down a drum pattern by stopping a record between beats and playing beats from a second record between them

What did Public Enemy's primary rapper, Chuck D, grow up seeing in his community that made him decide to make strong statements through his rap about the status of African Americans? (Check all that apply.)

A growing drug problem Police brutality African American artists being ignored by commercial radio and video stations

Loop

A short drum pattern that is repeated over and over

Robot

A style in which individual body parts move while the rest of the body is stationary

Which of the following were heard along with the poetry of the Last Poets? (Check all that apply)

African drumming patterns Rhythm and blues Jazz Soul music

DJ Kool Herc influenced an early hip-hop disc jockey, _____, whose stage name was that of an African Zulu chief and translated as "Chief Affection."

Afrika Bambaataa

Who were the Black Spades?

Afrika Bambaataa's crew of graffiti artists

What is the significance of the Sugarhill Gang's recording "Rapper's Delight" (1979)?

It was the first ever hip-hop hit.

_____ was a form of competition that not only required a great amount of practiced skill, but also provided a bit of positive relief from life in neighborhoods where gang violence was common.

Break dancing

Scratching

Changing a record's rotation from forward to backward repeatedly to create a rhythmic pulse

Dub reggae

Choice, Hip-hop to a DJ's music Hip-hop to a DJ's music

Electric boogie

Controlled movements that begin at one appendage and gradually shift to other parts of the body in a wave-like motion

The reputation of anger and violence associated with rap from Los Angeles was somewhat mitigated by the lighthearted, nonviolent work by _____.

Coolio

Merry-go-round

Cutting from the favorite section of one recording to the favorite section of another

After N.W.A. (*****s with Attitude) broke up, Dr. Dre, who was one of the members, went on to found _____.

Death Row Records

After the breakup of N.W.A. (*****s with Attitude), Dr. Dre produced recordings by other successful rap artists and continued to record hits of his own. A young, white rapper whom Dr. Dre produced for in the late nineties and into the two-thousands was _____.

Eminem

mixing

Fading down one recording as another increases in volume level

By the nineties, New York had a set of hard-core gangsta rappers such as Notorious B.I.G., whose first album, Ready to Die (1994), was backed by _____.

George Clinton-influenced funk music

How did Public Enemy's Chuck D make it clear that Professor Griff's racist remarks did not represent the beliefs of other members of Public Enemy?

He fired Professor Griff.

Many people saw Ice-T's song "Cop Killer" as an example of gangsta rap having gone too far despite the fact that _____.

Ice-T's vocals on that song were not rap

What is the significance of Kid Frost's song "La Raza (La Raza Mix)" from his Hispanic Causing Panic(1990) album?

It became an anthem representing Latin rap.

How did the Beastie Boys' music change with their later albums?

It became funkier.

What is the significance of Soul Sonic Force's "Planet Rock" (1982)?

It is the most sampled record in hip-hop.

As can be heard in Kid Frost's "La Raza," background music used by Kid Frost and other Latino rappers varied from much African American rap because it often used _____.

Latin rhythms and samples from sixties recordings by Santana and others

_____ refers to a move in which appendages relax and then jerk back into position, whereas _____ refers to a move in which appendages jerk as if put out of joint.v

Locking; popping

Up-rocking

Martial-arts-like motions

Double backing

Playing two copies of the same record at the same time, but with one slightly ahead of the other

Def Jam Records signed a group that was sometimes called the Black Panthers of rap, _____, who spoke out from New York to let the world know what they thought about the low-class status of many African Americans.

Public Enemy

Beat juggling

Rearranging a beat with fast changes from one record to another

Ready-made music

Recordings on the records manipulated by disc jockeys

The group that did the most to popularize rap among those in the mainstream rock culture was _____.

Run-DMC

_____ were the first rap group to get widespread acceptance with white audiences in the United States as they toured nationwide during the early to middle eighties, and they were the first to get airplay on MTV.

Run-DMC

Cutting

Segueing one recording into another using a varispeed control to maintain a constant beat pattern through the change

Identify a New York-based hard-core punk band that recorded rap.

The Beastie Boys

____ has long been important in African and African American culture as a form of communication.

Spoken poetry

_____ originated in hip-hop and developed into a very elaborate urban graffiti art form that went beyond mere identification to become elaborate murals in which the graffiti artists took great pride.

Tagging

Afrika Bambaataa responded to Grandmaster Flash's Furious Five by putting together a group he called Soul Sonic Force that included synthesized sounds, creating a new type of _____ with his recording of "Planet Rock" (1982).

electro funk rap

The music of Latin artists was often used as samples in the songs of Latino rappers who wanted to _____.

emphasize their ethnic identity

Why did Chuck D of Public Enemy often attack the state of Arizona through his raps?

The state did not recognize the national holiday for the late Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s birthday.

What did the Last Poets express through their graphic lyrics? (Check all that apply.)

The tensions of the civil rights movement Agreement with statements made by Malcolm X and others

Which of the following gangsta rappers from Los Angeles initially got along well with Notorious B.I.G., but soon became bitter enemies with the latter to point that B.I.G. was suspected of being behind the shooting death of the rapper?

Tupac Shakur

Backspinning

Turning a record back to the desired place

Grandmaster Flash put together a rap vocal group he called the Furious Five that featured the lead rapper Melle Mel and made such records as "The Message" (1982) that expressed _____.

a serous view about ghetto life

Chuck D's fellow rapper and "minister of information" Professor Griff laid the groundwork for others to attack Public Enemy for racism when he made _____ remarks to an interviewer for the Washington Times.

anti-Semitic

Hip-hop began with _____ in the tough ghettos of New York's South Bronx and soon spread to Queens and Brooklyn.

break dancing

Many of the artists whose music was sampled by rap vocalists saw the practice as stealing, and the ensuing lawsuits caused rap vocalists to _____.

credit the sources of the samples and share royalties