Ch 18 and Ch 19
What are the two ways the Industrial revolution caused the need for Europe to expand and take colonies?
1)need for resources 2)imperialism
What was the last country to abolish slavery?
Brazil in 1888
List the "Western" countries that were involved in colonizing Asia and Africa in the 1800's (19th century).
Britain, Spain, Portugal
What is the difference between colonialism and imperialism?
Colonialism is where one nation assumes control over the other and Imperialism refers to political or economic control, either formally or informally.
How did printing encourage the idea of nationalism and the formation of national idenetities
Enlightenment thinkers published papers encouraging these ideas
Give an example of nationalism unifying people into forming their own country or region
Italy and Germany both unified their fragmented kingdoms into a nation
In what ways did the Haitian revolution increase slavery in the Americas?
Napolean's defeat resulted in him selling Louisiana to the US, whch became a major plantation state
What was the first country to give women suffrage?
New Zealand in 1893
What impact did the HAitian revolution have in the carribbean
Slaves gained a new sense of insolence
How was the end of serfdom in Russia different than the abolition of slavery?
The end of serfdom gave peasants land formerly owned by nobles
How did ideas of the American revolution make their way to France?
Thousands of french soldiers had provided assistance to the colonists
Who was the leader of the Haitian revolution?
Toussaint Louverture
What countires' regions granted universal suffrage by 1914
West Europe, US, Argentina
Define patriarchy
a soceity in which men are considered the dominant race
What are some pros of political revolutions in the 19th century?
acted on basis of enlightenment ideals, new opportunities, beginnings of progressive societies.
What was the estates general?
an ancient french representative system for commoners and nobility
Define revolution
an overthrow of a government or social order in favor of a new system
After the loss of the NEw England colonies, where did Britain try to intervene?
asia
Describe the effects of the Spanish revolution on Native americans and slaves
benefited a little
How were women affected after the Spanish American Revolution
benefited little
What were some techniques employed by abolotionists
brought together secular, religious, economic, and political thinmking
What are some cons of political revolutions in the 19th century?
brutal suffering, little elevation of class differences
What were the three estates?
clergy, nobility, and commoners
What made Saint dominigue the richest colony?
coffee and sugar plantations
In what way could you argue that Latin America was still a "colony" of Europe and the United States even though it was politically independent?
dependent developments and investments
How did the enlightenment aid the beginnings of a feminist movement?
enlightement thinkers challenged traditional thinking
What were the major concerns of the feminist movement?
enlightenment thinkers challenged the traditional thinking of females as inferior
Define nationalism
feeling superiority based on one's country
Where did indentured serivtude come from?
free slaves did not accomplish political equality
Who was Napolean Bonaoarte?
french general who tamed the revolution by shifting focus to social equality
Explain how Napolean caused the Spanish American revolution
french revolution ideas
Why did women in France have more influence in politics after the revolution than women in America after the revolution
french women were more active than american women
How did revolutions in the Americas help support the growth of ideas of nationalism?
fueled on the ideas of independence and encouraged loyalty
Economically, what happened to Haiti after the revolution
great debt to france
Give an example of nationalism breaking a part empires
greeks and serbs used to gain independence from Ottoman Empire
Initially, how did European perceptions of others change in the 19th century?
imperialism caused derogatory views of others
Explain how the french revolution led to a slave rebellion in the french colony of haiti
it enlightened many slaves
Why can focusing on who developed or discovered something "first" be misleading?
it was the unexpected outcome of converging circumstances
In what ways were the North American colonists somewhat independent from Britain from the resoluton
local wealthy handowners created assemblies that were self-governing and contgrasted monarchy
Who was the enemy of the Spanish American revolutions
native spanish born elites
What groups resisted the abolition od slavery
plantation owners and slave traders
How did Chrustianity help end slavery?
quakers, protestants, anvangelicans in Britain and the US promoted slavery as a crime against God
define suffrage
right to vote
How did the Islamic world approach the ending of slavery?
slavery was outlawed gradually in the 20th century
List some of the methods used by feminists?
temperance movements, abolitionism, female charities, missionary work, socialist organizations
why did the British government suddenly tighten its grasp over North America?
the 7 year ware worsened the economy of Great Britain
Define popular sovereignity
the authority to govern comes from the people rather than god
How did the enlightenment influence the Spanish-American revolutions?
the creoles were aware of popular sovereignty and realized how supressed they were in the mainland
What was the major difference existing between american revolution and french revolution
the french driving conflicts were within the country
What enlightenment ideas helped shape the atlantic revolutions
the idea that human political and social arrangements could be engineered by human action
What group in soceity gained the most from the democratic revolutions that occured in the Atlantic?
the once ignored groups such as women, Native Americans and slaves
Why did the revolutions in South America cover so much less than the American revolution
the south american colonies were governed and forced to take action
How did the Enlightenment help end slavery?
the thinkers were concerned with natural rights
What actions launched the French Revolution?
the third estate made themselves the national assembly
Explain how nationalism fueled the desire for colonies.
the unified connection of nationalism allowed for the colonies to expand their power.
Define nativism?
theory of protecting native borns
How did europeans justify colonizing Africa after losing colonies in America?
they needed to emancipate enslaved africans
What are some examples of progress in women's rights by 1900?
upper and middle class women went to universities, female literacy grew, some states allowed women to own property and earn separate wages, new divorce laws
What 2 groups still weren't allowed to participate in politics after the revolution
women and non-property owners
How did women's status in france change in 1793
women were belittled when women's clubs were banned