CH 18 Global Climate Change SCI 1102
How much of a temperature difference can the crabs take if the waters warm up?
2 degrees
How high did sea level rise during the 20th century?
20 cm
How much of the earth's water is in the Pacific Ocean?
30%
For every metric ton of carbon dioxide emitted as a result of changes in land use (e.g. deforestation), approximately how much is emitted from industry?
4 metric tons
The Land Use and Forests sector could reduce emissions amounting to approximately _____ of the emissions the Energy sector could reduce.
60%
Which of the following policy recommendations by the two authors would most directly lower the risk of climate change?
A carbon tax that could reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 25%
A government seeks to reduce carbon emissions by forcing power plants to pay a fee based on the amount of carbon dioxide they emit, The collected money will be re-issued to the taxpayers. What is the name of this example?
A fee-and-dividend program
Green uses the example of mandated ethanol in fuel as a case study in regulations gone wrong. How might Research, Development and Demonstration, emphasized by Schneider, have avoided the environmental problems associated with corn-based fuel ethanol?
By using data from the demonstration phase to document environmental problems and thus the need for policy revisions
Which of the following questions is best addressed by studying ice samples from Antarctica?
How have the atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide changed in the last 100,000 years?
The figure indicates a net accumulation of CO2 in the atmosphere of approximately 15 billion metric tons per year. Based on the figure, what is causing this?
Human activities are sending more CO2 into the atmosphere than is moving from the atmosphere to the surface.
Dust has always been blown through the air. What is causing it to become worse (hint - it has to do with air masses)?
North Atlantic oscillation, changes temp and precipitation patterns
Which of these is NOT a greenhouse gas?
Oxygen
What in particular is causing the sea fan disease in coral?
Pathogenic soil disease carried by the dust in the air
Which of these is an example of dealing with climate change through geoengineering?
Placing large mirrors into the Earth's orbit to reflect sunlight
What region of the Earth is experiencing the most rapid increase in average temperatures?
Polar regions
What is the most basic and important food source in the Pacific?
Zooplankton
The best fit between observed and model data is shown by the model that ________.
incorporates both natural and anthropogenic factors
How did emissions change in the rest of Canada after British Columbia introduced its carbon tax in 2008, as reflected by the percent change post-tax vs. pre-tax? After British Columbia introduced its carbon tax in 2008, the rest of Canada experienced a(n) _______ in total emissions, a(n) _______ in emissions per capita, and a(n) _______ in emissions per dollar of GDP.
increase ; reduction ; reduction
As the CO2 level increases up to 600 µmol mol^-1, how does ragweed pollen production change?
increases
As the CO2 level increases up to 600 µmol mol^-1, how does the ragweed allergen concentration change?
increases
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is an international panel that ________.
reports on how climate change influences wildlife, ecosystems, and society
How can CO2 levels affect ragweed allergies? Hypothesis 2; CO2 levels affect the concentration of protein allergens in ragweed pollen.
Prediction; Plants grown at higher CO2 levels will produce higher concentrations of allergens.
How can CO2 levels affect ragweed allergies? Hypothesis 1; CO2 levels affect ragweed pollen production.
Prediction; Plants grown at higher CO2 levels will produce more protein.
Which line is not a computer-generated forecast?
the black line representing 20th century data
Which of the following is a mitigation approach to climate change?
replanting forests
Given the radiative forcing data on this graph, which factor would have a net cooling effect on the Earth's surface temperatures?
Aerosols
Which of the following states is expected to experience the greatest increase in temperature by the year 2100?
Alaska
Which of the following statements is supported by the graph?
All of the computer-generated forecasts predict some global warming, but reducing the level of CO2 emissions will significantly slow the rate of increase.
Global warming has been greatest in this area of the planet
Arctic
Which of the following is true?
As the climate continues to change, the Indian Ocean will retain more heat than the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
What might explain an increase in total emissions but a decline in per-capita emissions as reflected by the percent change, post-tax vs. pre-tax?
As the total emissions increased, the total population in that region increased more significantly, resulting in a reduction in emissions per capita.
In Trinidad there is a rise of two diseases. What is the first disease being faced especially by young children?
Asthma
What species in Alaska has become vulnerable that the local people depend on?
Caribou
How does the population of zooplankton compare to the 1950's?
Down 20%
Why is Lake Chad in Nigeria disappearing?
Drought
The late Stephen Schneider recommended a variety of strategies to address climate change. Which of his recommended strategies is similar to a strategy recommended by Green?
Dumping fees, such as a carbon emission fee
What is causing these two very separate diseases?
Dust
Green's preferred policy for addressing climate change is a shift to taxing greenhouse gas emissions. What does he describe as a benefit of this approach?
Emission taxes create economy-wide incentives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Using the information in the graph, in which category will you point out that British Columbia made the most dramatic reductions after introducing its carbon tax in 2008?
Emissions per dollar of GDP
Energy and Transportation combined have a greater potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions than the Food sector.
False
The Buildings and Cities sector and the Transportation sector have equivalent potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
False
You are a climate scientist studying the effects of change worldwide. Based on this research, which of the following do you expect in Africa?
Unpredictable droughts and floods due to the Indian Ocean dipole.
Which of the following is NOT a change that has been observed in the Earth's atmosphere, climate, or oceans in the past 100 years?
Increase in ice sheet and glacier thickness
What relationship between these two variables would support the researchers' hypothesis? Choose the appropriate graph line at left and drag it onto the graph's axes at right.
Increases to right
Which of the following would impact the Indian Ocean dipole the most?
Increasing surface ocean temperatures.
How did the global surface temperature change between 1900 and 2000?
It increased by about 0.7 °C.
How is the Indian Ocean connected to this problem?
It is warming particularly quickly, producing more rainfall and heat in the atmosphere to affect the North Atlantic oscillation
According to the Business as Usual scenario, how will the global surface temperature change in the century between 2000 and 2100?
It will increase by about 3.5 °C.
What do studies show about temperature tolerance of intertidal animals?
It's very low
Which government officials have taken action against the effects of climate change?
Local Florida city officials
Why is more rain in the winter months a bad thing?
Meals are buried deeper in the snow, deep snow makes it harder to avoid predators, rain forms crust on snow and cuts caribou and blocks food with ice
Due to the Indian Ocean dipole, which of the following should Australian officials plan for?
More bushfires
What two things combined are threatening zooplankton from rebounding?
Rearrangement of warm and cold water disrupts food supply
According to data from Project Drawdown, the Food sector has the highest potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Which practices or technologies are most likely to be categorized as a solution in the Food sector? Select all that apply.
Reducing food waste, Improving farm irrigation efficiency by using drip and sprinkler irrigation, Promoting conservation agriculture that uses cover crops, crop rotation, and minimal tilling
Kenneth Green clearly does not support regulations as a policy tool for addressing climate change. Which of the following statements is one of his reasons?
Regulations are inefficient because pollution crosses county and state borders.
How does planting trees offset carbon generated by the University of Florida athletic program?
The planted trees will sequester carbon dioxide from the air as they grow.
The Indian Ocean dipole causes which of the following effects to the sea surface?
The sea surface will be warmer along the African coast but cooler along the Australian coast.
What is the second disease and in what species?
Seafan disease in coral
How did the University of Florida help address the problem of global warming?
The athletic program reduced local energy consumption and planted trees.
What region would be the most at-risk from saltwater intrusion and more severe storm surges as a result of climate change?
The coastal areas of Southern Florida
How does South Florida's geology cause problems for Miami?
The limestone bedrock allows water to move through.
What do the elders see?
They've noticed the climate change and wonder if the animals can adapt
Why are the caribou grazing on the rocky hillside rather than the lush pastures?
To escape the mosquitos hoping the hillside breeze will keep them away
Which prediction has the greatest degree of certainty?
Today's World
What does the yellow line represent?
Today's World: The amount of global warming that is likely to occur if CO2 emissions cease immediately and CO2 concentrations continue at their current level.
Food and Energy together have greater potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions than all the other sectors combined.
True
Improving conditions for women and girls has greater potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions than the Buildings and Cities and Transportation sectors combined.
True
Why are the mosquitoes becoming worse?
Warmer days mean longer insect breeding season
Which of the following may result in a positive feedback mechanism that would intensify climate change?
Warmer temperatures result in the melting of permafrost.
All of the following are anthropogenic factors contributing to climate change EXCEPT ________.
breathing
If the CO2 level increases above 600 µmol mol^-1, how would ragweed pollen production and the allergen concentration change?
cannot tell from the data
Predominant greenhouse gas produced by burning fossil fuels
carbon dioxide
Which one of the following types of scientists would most likely be interested in the information we can learn from ice cores from Antarctica?
climatologists interested in climate change
The Neutral Gator program used methods that _____.
decreased production of carbon dioxide and reduced the amount of carbon dioxide already in the atmosphere
Which of the following technologies is currently allowing us to decrease carbon emissions from automobiles?
electric cars
The largest source of anthropogenic greenhouse gases in the United States is ________.
electricity generation
Fans attending University of Florida athletic events are responsible for providing carbon offsets for _____.
fossil fuels used to get fans to and from the stadium
What information is presented on the y-axis of the graph?
global surface warming, in °Celsius
Recent research indicates that the variation in solar output ________.
is less than any of the anthropogenic factors affecting climate change
Scientists are beginning to agree that one of the reasons climate change is leading to more extreme weather events stems from polar warming and weakened ________.
jet streams
Produced by microbes decomposing matter in landfills and swamps
methane
If we take a sample of ice from 10 meters beneath the surface and find that it is 1,000 years old, where would we need to look for ice that is about 10,000 years old?
much deeper, about 100 meters below the surface
By-product of feedlots, chemical manufacturing, and fertilizer use
nitrous oxide
Do the data prove that increased CO2 levels cause more severe ragweed allergies? (yes or no)
no
Stratospheric greenhouse gas that absorbs the sun's incoming ultraviolet radiation
ozone
Which of these would NOT contribute to a global increase in temperature?
planting trees
The University of Florida's athletic program became carbon neutral because it _____.
promoted programs that reduced fossil fuel use and sequestered carbon
Switching from fossil fuels to _____ energy would significantly decrease the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
solar, nuclear, and geothermal
Compound that contributes to short-term atmospheric cooling
sulfate aerosol
Ice that formed thousands of years ago is often found to contain tiny bubbles of gas. This gas came from __________.
the atmosphere
Most abundant greenhouse gas
water vapor
Do the data support Hypothesis 1 and its prediction--that plants grown at higher CO2 levels will produce more pollen? (yes or no)
yes
Do the data support Hypothesis 2 and its prediction--that plants grown at higher CO2 levels will produce higher concentrations of allergens? (yes or no)
yes
