Ch 20 Learning curve

inflorescence.

A grouping of flowers on the stem of a single plant is a(n)

overtopping.

A growth pattern that contributed to evolution of megaphylls is

seed.

A key feature that aids plants in colonizing cool, dry habitats is the

lives in shallow water.

A newly discovered algae that contains phycoerythrin but appears green most likely

streptophyte

A newly discovered algae that retains its eggs should be classified as a

the products of photosynthesis.

All of these factors contributed to formation of soil on the early land masses except

low light conditions.

All of these factors were environmental challenges to plants moving onto land except

heterosporous

All seed plants can be classified as

red algae.

All these algae photosynthesize with chlorophylls a and b, except

vascular tissue

All these features were critical for the evolution of the first land plants except

stoneworts

All these groups are considered land plants except

contain chlorophylls a and b

Both stoneworts and liverworts

contain chlorophylls a and b.

Both stoneworts and liverworts

thick spore walls to prevent desiccation.

Despite lacking tracheids, nonvascular plants possess structures or characteristics that allow them to obtain and transport water and minerals on land. These include all of the following except

nectar guides.

Flower markings that are visible under ultraviolet light are called

spores.

Gametophytes come from

exhibited branched apical growth

Glaucophytes are an early clade of photosynthetic eukaryotes that

gametophytes

If you found spores from a newly discovered group of land plants at the taxonomic level of Monilophyta, you would expect the spores to produce _______ under the appropriate conditions.

anther

In flowering plants, pollen grains are produced in the

Style

In most flowers, the pollen tube grows through which part of the pistil before fertilization can occur?

sporophyte is larger and longer-lived than the gametophyte

In the fern life cycle, the

microphylls; megaphylls

Lycophytes have _______, while monilophytes have _______.

are the sister group to the streptophytes.

Members of the chlorophyte clade

in marine areas

Nonvascular plants are found in all of these places except

xylem

Seed plants that have secondary growth are characterized by the production and accumulation of additional

tracheids

The common ancestor of vascular plants had

protected the plant from desiccation.

The cuticle was one of the most important adaptations to life on land for plants because it

sporophyte

The dominant part of the life cycle in seed plants is the

provided food and habitat so it was easier for animals to survive on land.

The evolution of land plants led the way for the evolution of land animals because land plants

algae.

The first green plants were organisms we now refer to as

cones; flowers

The seeds of gymnosperms and angiosperms originate in _______ and _______, respectively.

monocots; eudicots

The two largest groups of living angiosperms are the _______ and _______.

Overtopping

Walking in the woods, you find a fern that has formed horizontal branches. The branches have shaded a neighboring lycophyte, causing the lycophyte to die. What evolutionary feature of plants is demonstrated here?

Separating male and female gametophytes promotes outcrossing and results in greater genetic diversity of offspring

What is the most plausible explanation for the evolution of separate male and female gametophytes in heterosporous plants?

A dependence of sporophytes on gametophytes

Which feature of a new plant should make you confident that it is nonvascular?

Swimming sperm and thin cuticles

Which features of nonvascular plants make them most dependent upon the presence of water in their terrestrial habitats?

Gymnosperms

Which group might contain lignin?

Neither, because both are required to complete the life cycle

Which is more important in the plant life cycle, mitosis or meiosis?

Sperm in antheridium → sperm swims → sperm enters archegonium → sperm fertilizes egg

Which is the correct order of events in the moss lifecycle?

Cycads and ginkgos

Which plants retain the ancestral trait of swimming sperm?

The gametophyte produces haploid gametes by mitosis

Which statement about alternation of generations in land plants is true?

Rhyniophytes were rooted to the soil by a rhizomes.

Which statement about the extinct group of plants called rhyniophytes is most accurate?

Microspore

Which structure would always be found in a heterosporous plant?

Heterospory evolved among the vascular plants

While examining plant fossil material, you find evidence of a heterosporous plant with stomata and archegonia. Why might you hesitate to classify this as a moss?

a generation of multicellular diploid individuals.

With regard to the life cycles observed in plants and animals, the two groups share the similarity of

vascular tissue

Xylem and phloem are both types of