Ch. 23
CRH stimulates the release of
ACTH
What is the most important hormone causing an increase in serum Ca2+?
PTH
The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is
TSH.
How is the hypothalamic control of growth hormone (GH) release different from the control of TSH and ACTH?
The hypothalamus releases both stimulatory and inhibitory tropic hormones for GH, whereas it only releases stimulatory hormones for TSH and ACTH.
What is the effect of deiodinases on thyroid hormone function?
They convert T4 to the more active T3 in target cells.
C cells of the thyroid gland secrete ________.
calcitonin
Elevated levels of calcium ion in the blood stimulate the secretion of the hormone
calcitonin
A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ion is
calcitonin.
Vitamin D is a precursor in the synthesis pathway of ________.
calcitriol.
The adrenal medulla produces
catecholamines
The common precursor for all steroid hormones is ________.
cholesterol
The most important metabolic effect of ________ is protection against ________, crucial to surviving significant stress.
cortisol, hypoglycemia
mental retardation associated with infantile hypothyroidism
cretinism
Hyperthyroidism
decreases protein synthesis.
caused by growth hormone deficiency in childhood
dwarfism
Acromegaly is associated with ________.
excess growth hormone
Which of the following is a sign or symptom of hyperthyroidism?
exophthalmos
associated with Graves' disease
exophthalmus
All of the hormones secreted by the adrenal gland play a major role in growth and metabolism.
false
caused by growth hormone excess in childhood
giantism
Excess growth hormone prior to puberty would result in
giantism.
Without cortisol's permissive effect on ________, an animal would die.
glucagon
caused by elevation of TSH
goiter
Thyroid hormone contains the mineral
iodine.
Which is associated with hyperthyroidism?
irritability and weight loss
easily observable symptom of hypercortisolism
moon face
The C cells of the thyroid gland produce
only calcitonin.
Cholesterol is a precursor for the synthesis of
progesterone, aldosterone, and estradiol.
The action of a hormone on a target cell involves effects on
receptor and nonreceptor proteins.
Which of the following IS a physiological function of calcium?
-cofactor in the coagulation cascade -signal molecule -part of intercellular cement that holds cells together at tight junction -affects the excitability of neurons
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal pathway begins with secretion of ________ into the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system and transported to the ________.
-cortiotropin-releasing hormone -anterior pituitary
Which of the following are factors that affect normal body growth?
-growth hormone -adequate diet -genetics -absence of stress
Parathyroid hormone
-increases the rate of calcium absorption. -raises the level of calcium ion in the blood. -decreases the rate of calcium excretion. -stimulates osteoclast activity.
________ is a result of deficient thyroid hormone secretion in infancy.
Cretinism
may result from adrenal tumor
Cushing's disease
hyperthyroidism
Graves' disease
caused by growth hormone excess in adulthood
acromegaly
Excess secretion of growth hormone during adulthood will cause
acromegaly.
This condition results from excess androgens in females.
adrenogenital syndrome
A rise in cortisol would cause each of the following except one. Identify the exception.
increased ACTH levels
The parathyroid glands produce a hormone that
increases the level of calcium ions in the blood.
Increased blood calcium levels result in increased
secretion of calcitonin.
Crossover effects are sometimes seen among
steroid hormones
Cortisol has the following effects:
suppresses the immune system and influences brain function.