Ch. 25: Suicide/ Non-Suicide Injury
Suicide is the ____ leading cause of death for ages 35-54
4th
Suicide is the ____ leading cause of death for ages 55-64
8th
White LGBT and Hispanic bisexual females are ______ likely to be bullied than white heterosexuals
more
Treatment of Suicide
treatment of the actual suicide crisis
Diathesis-stress model
combination of suicidal fantasies and significant loss
Suicide is the ____ leading cause of death in the US
10th
Suicide is the ____ leading cause of death for ages 10-34
2nd
Assisted Suicide in the United States
Individual states can allow, regulate, or prohibit assisted suicide
Suicide
Intentional act of killing oneself by any means
African American protective factors
Religion, role of the extended family
Hispanic American protective factors
Roman Catholic religion and importance of extended family
Sexual minority youths were more likely to report
suicidal ideation
DSM-5 Suicide bombing
excludes religious and political suicides from its criteria
Veterans have _______ suicide rates compared to the _______ population
increasing; general
Assisted suicide in Netherlands, Belgium and Switzerland
assisted suicide is legal
Suicide Behavior Disorder DSM-5
- Attempt within last 24 months - Attempt was not initiated in delirium or confusion - Attempt was not undertaken for a religious or political objective
Interventions for Suicide include
- Caring for injuries - Establishing therapeutic alliance - Teaching coping skills - Promoting reflective dialogue - Treatment of underlying mental health disorders
Biological factors for suicide
- Familial tendency - Lowered SKA2 gene expression - Low serotonin levels
Self assessment: Health professionals may experience
- Fear - Grief - Anger - Puzzlement - Condemnation of suicidal feelings/intent
LGBT Youth and Bullying include
- Online bullying - Name calling - Verbal harassment - Physical harassment
Risk factors for suicide
- Psychiatric disorders - Alcohol or substance use disorders - Male gender - Increasing age - Race (mostly Caucasian) - Religion - Marriage - Profession - Physical health
Environmental Safety Guidelines
- Use (and count) plastic utensils - No private room; keep door open at all times - Jump-proof and hang-proof bathrooms - Lock doors to non-patient areas - Monitor for and remove potentially harmful gifts - In patient's presence, assess belongings and search patient for harmful objects - Ensure that patients do not bring or leave harmful objects
Six-step planning approach
1. Limit setting for safety 2. Developing self-esteem 3. Discovery of motive and its role 4. Discovering self-control 5. Replacement with coping skills 6. Entering maintenance phase
Menninger's three parts to suicide hostility
1. Wish to kill 2. Wish to be killed 3. Wish to die
Asian American protective factors
Adherence to religions that tend to emphasize interdependence between the individual and society
A person with which psychiatric problem is most likely to complete suicide? a. Personality disorder b. Major Depression c. Substance-abuse disorder d. Schizophrenia
Correct answer: B Between 32% and 47% of patients who have major depression or bipolar disorder (during the depressed phase) will complete suicide.
Gina is hospitalized suicidal ideation after two suicide attempts. For the first 2 days of hospitalization, the patient eats 20% of meals and stays in her room between groups. By the fourth day, the nurse observes that the patient is more sociable, is eating meals, and has a bright affect. Considering Gina's behavior on the fourth day of hospitalization, which factor should the nurse consider? a. The patient is showing improvement and may be ready for discharge. b. The patient may have decided to commit suicide; the nurse should reassess suicidality. c. The patient is feeling rested, supported by the therapeutic milieu, and less depressed. d. The patient is benefiting from the antidepressant she has been taking for 4 days.
Correct answer: B It is always wise to consider the possibility that a patient who was recently suicidal may be exhibiting positive traits because he or she is at peace with a final suicide decision and is feeling relief, or even exhilaration about this. Do not just assume that they are immediately better until you have had more time for observation.
Which method of suicide has the highest lethality? a. Ingesting pills b. Wrist cutting c. Inhaling natural gas d. Self-inflicted gunshot wound
Correct answer: D A self-inflicted gunshot wound is considered a high-risk method, or "hard" method.
Completed Suicide
Suicide successfully resulting in death
Nonsuicidal self-injury
Self-injury directed to the surface of the body to induce relief from a negative feeling/cognitive state or to achieve a positive mood state
Suicidal Ideation
Thinking about killing oneself
Suicide rates among _____ _____ _____ ______ has surpassed civilian rates
active-duty service members
Prevention of Suicide
activities that provide support, information, and education to prevent suicide
Freud and suicide
aggression turned inward
Aaron Beck and suicide
central emotional factor is hopelessness
Postvention for Suicide
interventions with a circle of survivors left by individuals who completed suicide to reduce the traumatic aftereffects