Ch. 28
Under President Franklin D. Roosevelt's prodding, Congress immediately enacted what he called the _________.
"New Deal"
While Japan had used its control of Manchuria, Korea, and Taiwan in its support of autarky and economic stability in the 1930s, its bid for empire in the Pacific was portrayed as the construction of _________.
"The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere"
The German torpedoing and sinking of the British liner Lusitania in ______ cost the lives of more than 100 Americans and brought the United States to the brink of joining the war in Europe.
1915
Adherents to Benito Mussolini's "Fascist" movement, dressed in ______ shirts and organized in paramilitary units, roamed the streets and violently broke up meetings of Communists.
Black
In March 1918, in return for Russia's peaceful withdrawal from the war, the Treaty of _________ obligated Russia to hand over roughly one third of the Russian Empire´s population, territory and resources to Germany.
Brest-Litovsk
Japan portrayed its imperial bid in the Pacific in the 1930s as the construction of a "Greater East Asia __________ Sphere."
Co-Prosperity
Mussolini's Fascists claimed that they were inaugurating a "_______ state", which theoretically saw all sectors of society contributing in a systematic, orderly, and hierarchical fashion to the health of the whole.
Corporate
Among the exiles who returned with Lenin in 1917 were Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin, the hardnosed son of an impoverished ___________ cobbler who had escaped exile in Siberia seven times before 1914.
Georgian
Outside the Southern United States, _________ was the state that experienced the surge in racial tensions after World War I, with about 30% of the state's population (including the governor) members of the Ku Klux Klan in 1925.
Indiana
In 1929, the newly created _________ brought the Mexican Revolution of 1910-1917 to an end.
Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)
The League of Nations rebuked ________ for its horrifically violent attack, aided by chemical weapons, on Ethiopia in 1935-1936.
Italy
In Russia, Lenin's successor, _________, built the Communist Party into an all-powerful apparatus that brutally shifted resources from agriculture into industry and lifted the Soviet Union into the ranks of the industrial powers.
Joseph Stalin
Germany's NSDAP, or _________ Party, achieved 38 percent of the seats in the elections of July 1932, becoming the largest party in the parliament.
National Socialist German Workers
Under the premiership of General Tojo Hideki, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor (Hawaii), _______, and Dutch and British territories on December 7-8, 1941.
The Phillipines
Kemal "Atatürk" introduced all of the following measures to Turkey except:
The removal of Anatolian farmers into urban factories and schools.
Which of the following does not characterize the United States after the First World War?
The war industrial economy went into sudden collapse.
Early pioneers of Zionism, like ________, advocated the creation of a Jewish homeland in Palestine.
Theodor Herzl
As part of the First Five-Year Plan, three to five percent of the "wealthiest" farmers on grain-producing lands, called _________, were "liquidated," meaning that they were either executed, sent to labor camps, or resettled on inferior soil.
kulaks
Hitler implemented his planned "Endlösung" ("Final Solution") of European Jews beginning in January ________.
1942
Lenin's New Economic Policy (NEP) for the Soviet Union was:
A mixture of private and state investment in factories and small-scale food marketing by peasants.
_________ is defined as the maintenance of a self-supporting state economic system.
Autarky
The _________ declared Britain's support for the idea of establishing Palestine as a national homeland for the Jewish people.
Balfour Declaration of 1917
As Iraq was divided by majority Shiites and minority Sunnis, the ___________ inaugurated a policy of divide and rule in their Middle Eastern mandates, while dangling the prospect of eventual independence in front of them.
British
Under the premiership of General Tojo Hideki, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, the Philippines, and Dutch and British territories on _________.
December 7-8, 1941
After growing disillusioned with Marxism, Italy's Benito Mussolini founded the "Italian Combat Squads," also known as the "Blackshirts," thus giving rise to the ideology of _________.
Fascism
The Communist Party of __________ initiated the formation of a Popular Front coalition with the Socialist Party and others in 1936.
France
The _________, a new secret police force established by Hitler, set in place a surveillance system in what was now called Germany's "Third Empire".
Gestapo
"Lawrence of Arabia" helped the members of a prominent family, the ______ from Mecca, to assume leadership of the Arabs for a promised national kingdom in Syria and Palestine.
Hasemites
In the United States, businessmen such as ____________ financed research on how to prevent the reproduction of genetically "inferior" races.
Henry Ford
Mao Zedong, a librarian by training, was an inspiring rural organizer, and he set about developing his ideas of revolution with the heretical idea of:
Inviting peasants into the vanguard of his movement.
As part of the collectivization of agriculture launched in the Soviet Union, 3-5% of the "wealthiest" farmers, called _________, were "liquidated"—selected for execution, removed to labor camps, or resettled on other land.
Kulaks
As a result of the Versailles Peace Treaty which brought World War I to an end, a new supra-national _________ was entrusted with the maintenance of peace.
League of Nations
Members of the "Harlem Renaissance" among African American artists and intellectuals felt that to be of African descent:
Made one part of a larger and richer collective history extending beyond the history of slavery.
The Mukden Incident of 1931 was engineered by the Japanese military to provide a pretext for the annexation of _________.
Manchuria
Ending in February 1943, the Battle of Stalingrad:
Marked the turning point in the European war, with a Soviet victory.
General _________ was the man behind the creation of a modern, secular Turkey that was now able to stand up against the European powers.
Mustafa Kemal "Atatürk"
Estimates of those slaughtered in the brutal "Rape of _______" of 1937-1938 range between 200,000 and 300,000 people
Nanjing
The so-called February Revolution in Russia forced Tsar _________ to abdicate and create a provisional government.
Nicholas II
The ________ Amendment to the US Federal Constitution, passed in 1920, gave American women the right to vote.
Nineteenth
____________ was a cultural movement that, associated with French-language writers like Léopold Senghor, fostered pride in African history, culture, and "blackness".
Négritude
In 1939, the German army pioneered a new kind of warfare, a "Blitzkrieg" or "lightning war", in _______.
Poland
In March 1930, Mohandas Gandhi protested a British tax on Indian ______ by embarking on a famous 24-day march.
Salt
One of the most significant reasons for the continued stagnation of the British economy after World War I was:
That nearly half of its budget in the interwar period went to paying off debt from the war.
The Schlieffen Plan, implemented by the Germans at beginning of World War I, came close to succeeding, but it ultimately failed, for all of the following reasons except:
The Netherlands intervened on behalf of its neighbor, Belgium, threatening to invade Germany.
The League of Nations, created in the aftermath of the "Great War", included all of the following countries as member states except:
The United States
Among the innovative measures enacted by US President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the "New Deal" were:
The creation of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), charged with enforcing regulations and preventing a repetition of the Stock Market Collapse of 1929.
Irena Sendler smuggled some 2500 Jewish children out of __________ before being arrested and tortured in 1943.
Warsaw
Taking his cue from Mussolini's policies, Germany's Führer Adolf Hitler _________ of the Weimar Republic, purged the civil service of Jews, closed down all political parties except for the NSDAP, enacted censorship laws, and sent Communists to concentration camps.
abolished the federalist structure
The Holocaust led to the murder of roughly _________, nearly six million, of Europe's Jews.
two-thirds