Ch. 28 Pre-lecture assignment

Select all of the following that are impacts of protists on global ecology. -Protists are the oldest organisms on Earth. -Some types of protists are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen. -Protists cause serious diseases, such as malaria. -Algae are being used in biofuel production. -Protists produce at least half of the oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere.

Protists cause serious diseases, such as malaria. Algae are being used in biofuel production. Protists produce at least half of the oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere.

Which of the following statements best characterizes the impact of protists on human health? -While some protists are pathogenic, none cause human illness. -All protists are benign. -Some protists are parasites that cause serious human disease.

Some protists are parasites that cause serious human disease.

What is plankton? -Photosynthetic protists -Protists that possess a flagellum for locomotion -Organisms that attach to underwater surfaces by mucilage -Swimming or floating protists, bacteria, viruses, and small animals

Swimming or floating protists, bacteria, viruses, and small animals

Tiny, hairlike extensions on the surface of protist cells, present in large numbers per organism, are called:

cilia

Protists have evolved diverse ways for locomotion. For example swimming can occur by means of appendages called ________ and ________

cilia, flagella

Which of the following are structures that protists utilize to swim? -chelicerae -flukes -cilia -flagella -pili

cilia, flagella

In order to move from one place to another, ciliates use _______ and amoebozoa use ______which are specialized structures associated with their type of motility

cilia, pseudopodia

Match the protist group on the left with the structure the group utilizes for locomotion on the right. -ciliate -flagellate -amoeba -flagella -pseudopodia -cilia

ciliate: cilia flagellate: flagella amoeba: pseudopodia

Algae, protozoa, and fungus-like are informal labels that refer to the _______ roles filled by protists

ecological

Protists can be grouped into three types according to the ______ roles they fulfill within their environments

ecological

When we informally group protists according to whether they are autotrophs or heterotrophs, and whether they produce or consume oxygen, we are referring to their:

ecological role

Protists are -eukaryotes -prokaryotes -neither eukaryotes or prokaryotes

eukaryotes

The term protist comes from a Greek word that reflects the observation that these organisms were Earth's _______ eukaryotes

first

A group of protists uses flagella to navigate their aquatic environments.. These protists are known as _______

flagellates

______ are usually composed of one or a few cells and are small because their appendage motion is not powerful enough to keep larger bodies from sinking.

flagellates

Plankton, phytoplankton, and periphyton are informal groupings of protists classified according to: -ecological role -phylogeny -type of life cycle -habitat -motility

habitat

Protozoa are: -photosynthetic -heterotrophs -prokaryotic -autotrophs

heterotrophs

Flagella are cellular extensions whose movement is controlled by interactions between ________ and the motor protein _________

microtubules, dynein

Algae are typically capable of photosynthesis. However, they do not form a(n) _______ group descended from a single common ancestor

monophyletic

Heterotrophic protists that feed by absorbing small molecules or ingesting food particles are classified into a broad group called:

protozoa

Protists can be informally classified as algae, protozoa, or fungus-like protists according to the ecological roles they fulfill in their environments, that is, according to: -whether they are aquatic or terrestrial -their type of life cycle -the method they use to obtain organic compounds

the method they use to obtain organic compounds

Which of the following are provided to heterotrophs by photosynthetic algae? -Carbon dioxide -Sulfur -Organic compounds -Oxygen

Organic compounds Oxygen

Which of the following are informal groups of protists classified according to habitat? -Periphyton -Fungus-like protists -Flagellates -Plankton -Amoebae

Periphyton Plankton

______ are aquatic protists that obtain nutrients via photosynthesis -Phytoplankton -Benthon -Photoautotrophs -Cyanobacteria

Phytoplankton

Which of the following are ecological roles filled by protists? -Bacteria-like -Protozoa -Algae -Fungus-like -Virus-like

Protozoa Algae Fungus-like

Flagella use what type of motion to push or pull eukayotic cells through water? -Rapid bending and straightening -Rotation at the base -Continuous undulation

Rapid bending and straightening

Algae are _______ protists -photoautotrophic -mixotrophic -osmotrophic -heterotrophic

photoautotrophic

Most algae are protists that can produce organic compounds by means of:

photosynthesis

Photosynthetic protists that swim or float in water are known as: -periphyton -macroalgae -epiphyton -zooplankton -phytoplankton

phytoplankton

__________ are a group of floating aquatic organisms that may include protists, bacteria, viruses, and small animals

plankton