Ch. 3

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Order of ionic charges in columns on periodic table

+1, +2, +3, blank, -3, -2, -1

When naming ionic compounds, nonmetals which become anions receive an

-ide ending

When naming acids, if it is an oxyacid and -ite, base name of oxyanion +

-ous

Charge of Ag

1+

Charge of Cu

1+ or 2+

______: elements whose particles are single atoms

Atomic elements

______ use balls to represent the atoms and sticks to represent the attachments between them

Ball-and-stick models

Charge of Cd

2+

Charge of Co

2+

Charge of Hg

2+

Charge of Mn

2+

Charge of Ni

2+

Charge of Pb

2+

Charge of Sn

2+

Charge of Zn

2+

Charge of Fe

2+ or 3+

Single line = ___ shared electrons, a _____ covalent bond

2, single

Charge of Cr

3+

Double line = ___ shared electrons, a _____ covalent bond

4, double

Triple line = ___ shared electrons, a _____ covalent bond

6, triple

_____ are forces of attraction between atoms

Chemical bonds

______ result when two atoms share some of their electrons; generally found when nonmetal atoms bond together

Covalent bonds

______ is the sum of the atomic masses (in amu) in a formula unit of an ionic compound

Formula mass

When writing formulas for acids, when the name ends in acid, the formula starts with

H

______ result when electrons have been transferred between atoms, resulting in oppositely charged ions that attract each other; generally found when metal atoms bond to nonmetal ions

Ionic bonds

_____ show the 3-dimensional structure along with all the other information given in the structural formula

Models

______: elements whose particles are multi-atom molecules

Molecular atoms

______ are single ions that contain more than one atom, and are often defined by _____ (in ionic compounds)

Polyatomic ions; parentheses

______ use interconnected spheres to show the electron clouds of atoms connecting together

Space-filling models

Compounds are made of atoms held together by ______

bonds

When naming molecular compounds, drop the last __ in the prefix if name begins with a vowel

a

An _____ is a molecular compound that can be defined as a substance that yields hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water

acid

When naming binary acids (acids that only have Hydrogen and another element), first identify the _____, name it with an ____ suffix, then add ____ prefix to the anion name, and finally, add the word ____ to the end

anion, -ic, hydro-, acid

When writing formulas for acids, hydro prefix means it is a ____ acid, and no prefix means it is an _____

binary, oxyacid

When using percent composition to determine the empirical formula, after calculating the mole ratios,

change to integer subscripts

A compound must have no total ____

charge

When writing the formula for an ionic compound, the ____ becomes the _____ for the other ion

charge, subscript

Compounds are generally represented with a ______

chemical formula

Prefix 10

deca

Prefix 2

di

H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, and I2 are all examples of

diatomic molecules/elements

An _____ gives the relative number of atoms of each element in a compound; the formulas for ionic compounds are ______

empirical formula

Writing oxalic acid as CHO2 is an example of an

empirical formula

When using percent composition to determine empirical formula, first take the mass percent and convert to ______, then divide by ______, giving you _____

grams, molar mass, moles

Molar mass has the units of

grams/mole

Prefix 7

hepta

Prefix 6

hexa

In _____ compounds, particles are cations (+) and anions (-); typically between a metal and a nonmetal

ionic

When writing formulas for acids, write formulas as if _____, even though it is ______

ionic, molecular

Each ____ in a structural formula describes the number of electrons shared by the bonded atoms

line

For any ionic compound, formula mass (amu) =

molar mass (g)

For any molecule, molecular mass (amu) =

molar mass (g)

To calculate the molecular formula using the empirical formula and the molar mass of a compound, use the formula

molar mass molecular formula / empirical formula molar mass = multiplying factor

In _____ compounds, particles are molecules made of only nonmetals

molecular

A ______ gives the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule of a compound

molecular formula

The ____ is a multiple of the empirical formula

molecular formula

Writing oxalic acid as C2H2O4 is an example of a

molecular formula

Sum of atomic masses (in amu) in the molecule

molecular mass

Prefix 1

mono

Percent composition of element is obtained by the equation

n x molar mass of element / molar mass of compound x 100 (n=subscript for element)

When naming ionic compounds, know the _____ of ions and their _____

names, charges

Naming compounds can also be referred to as _____

nomenclature

Prefix 9

nona

Prefix 8

octa

When balancing chemical equations, start by balancing those elements that only appear in ____ reactant and ____ product

one

An _____ is an acid that contains hydrogen, oxygen, and another element

oxoacid

Prefix 5

penta

The percent by mass of each element in a compound

percent composition by mass

When naming molecular compounds, the second element in the formula is represented as ______ + base name + ______

prefix, ide

When naming molecular compounds, the first element in the formula is represented as ______ + name of element, excluding ____ (only in first element)

prefix, mono

The bonding attraction in chemical bonds comes from attractions between _______

protons and electrons

When naming ionic compounds, certain metals, especially transition metals, can have more than one cation (charge) so designate the charge using a _____ after the metal name

roman numeral

When naming ionic compounds, metals which become cations have the _____ as the element

same name

A _____ uses lines to represent covalent bonds and shows how atoms in a molecule are connected or bonded to each other

structural formula

When writing formulas for ionic compounds, reduce _____ to smallest whole number ratio

subscripts

Prefix 4

tetra

When using percent composition to determine the empirical formula, after calculating moles, divide by

the smallest number of moles

Prefix 3

tri


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