Ch. 3
Order of ionic charges in columns on periodic table
+1, +2, +3, blank, -3, -2, -1
When naming ionic compounds, nonmetals which become anions receive an
-ide ending
When naming acids, if it is an oxyacid and -ite, base name of oxyanion +
-ous
Charge of Ag
1+
Charge of Cu
1+ or 2+
______: elements whose particles are single atoms
Atomic elements
______ use balls to represent the atoms and sticks to represent the attachments between them
Ball-and-stick models
Charge of Cd
2+
Charge of Co
2+
Charge of Hg
2+
Charge of Mn
2+
Charge of Ni
2+
Charge of Pb
2+
Charge of Sn
2+
Charge of Zn
2+
Charge of Fe
2+ or 3+
Single line = ___ shared electrons, a _____ covalent bond
2, single
Charge of Cr
3+
Double line = ___ shared electrons, a _____ covalent bond
4, double
Triple line = ___ shared electrons, a _____ covalent bond
6, triple
_____ are forces of attraction between atoms
Chemical bonds
______ result when two atoms share some of their electrons; generally found when nonmetal atoms bond together
Covalent bonds
______ is the sum of the atomic masses (in amu) in a formula unit of an ionic compound
Formula mass
When writing formulas for acids, when the name ends in acid, the formula starts with
H
______ result when electrons have been transferred between atoms, resulting in oppositely charged ions that attract each other; generally found when metal atoms bond to nonmetal ions
Ionic bonds
_____ show the 3-dimensional structure along with all the other information given in the structural formula
Models
______: elements whose particles are multi-atom molecules
Molecular atoms
______ are single ions that contain more than one atom, and are often defined by _____ (in ionic compounds)
Polyatomic ions; parentheses
______ use interconnected spheres to show the electron clouds of atoms connecting together
Space-filling models
Compounds are made of atoms held together by ______
bonds
When naming molecular compounds, drop the last __ in the prefix if name begins with a vowel
a
An _____ is a molecular compound that can be defined as a substance that yields hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water
acid
When naming binary acids (acids that only have Hydrogen and another element), first identify the _____, name it with an ____ suffix, then add ____ prefix to the anion name, and finally, add the word ____ to the end
anion, -ic, hydro-, acid
When writing formulas for acids, hydro prefix means it is a ____ acid, and no prefix means it is an _____
binary, oxyacid
When using percent composition to determine the empirical formula, after calculating the mole ratios,
change to integer subscripts
A compound must have no total ____
charge
When writing the formula for an ionic compound, the ____ becomes the _____ for the other ion
charge, subscript
Compounds are generally represented with a ______
chemical formula
Prefix 10
deca
Prefix 2
di
H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, and I2 are all examples of
diatomic molecules/elements
An _____ gives the relative number of atoms of each element in a compound; the formulas for ionic compounds are ______
empirical formula
Writing oxalic acid as CHO2 is an example of an
empirical formula
When using percent composition to determine empirical formula, first take the mass percent and convert to ______, then divide by ______, giving you _____
grams, molar mass, moles
Molar mass has the units of
grams/mole
Prefix 7
hepta
Prefix 6
hexa
In _____ compounds, particles are cations (+) and anions (-); typically between a metal and a nonmetal
ionic
When writing formulas for acids, write formulas as if _____, even though it is ______
ionic, molecular
Each ____ in a structural formula describes the number of electrons shared by the bonded atoms
line
For any ionic compound, formula mass (amu) =
molar mass (g)
For any molecule, molecular mass (amu) =
molar mass (g)
To calculate the molecular formula using the empirical formula and the molar mass of a compound, use the formula
molar mass molecular formula / empirical formula molar mass = multiplying factor
In _____ compounds, particles are molecules made of only nonmetals
molecular
A ______ gives the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule of a compound
molecular formula
The ____ is a multiple of the empirical formula
molecular formula
Writing oxalic acid as C2H2O4 is an example of a
molecular formula
Sum of atomic masses (in amu) in the molecule
molecular mass
Prefix 1
mono
Percent composition of element is obtained by the equation
n x molar mass of element / molar mass of compound x 100 (n=subscript for element)
When naming ionic compounds, know the _____ of ions and their _____
names, charges
Naming compounds can also be referred to as _____
nomenclature
Prefix 9
nona
Prefix 8
octa
When balancing chemical equations, start by balancing those elements that only appear in ____ reactant and ____ product
one
An _____ is an acid that contains hydrogen, oxygen, and another element
oxoacid
Prefix 5
penta
The percent by mass of each element in a compound
percent composition by mass
When naming molecular compounds, the second element in the formula is represented as ______ + base name + ______
prefix, ide
When naming molecular compounds, the first element in the formula is represented as ______ + name of element, excluding ____ (only in first element)
prefix, mono
The bonding attraction in chemical bonds comes from attractions between _______
protons and electrons
When naming ionic compounds, certain metals, especially transition metals, can have more than one cation (charge) so designate the charge using a _____ after the metal name
roman numeral
When naming ionic compounds, metals which become cations have the _____ as the element
same name
A _____ uses lines to represent covalent bonds and shows how atoms in a molecule are connected or bonded to each other
structural formula
When writing formulas for ionic compounds, reduce _____ to smallest whole number ratio
subscripts
Prefix 4
tetra
When using percent composition to determine the empirical formula, after calculating moles, divide by
the smallest number of moles
Prefix 3
tri
