Ch. 36

1. Postwar Economic Anxieties a. Many feared a return to the _____________________ or at least a _______________________. i. When the war time price controls ended, __________________ did increase significantly.

1. Postwar Economic Anxieties a. Many feared a return to the Great Depression or at least a post-war recession. i. When the war time price controls ended, inflation did increase significantly.

10. Shaping the Postwar World a. A meeting was held at ____________________. There, the Allies set up the _______________________________ to propell world trade and regulate currency exchange rates. i. It also started the __________________ to give loans to needy nations (ravaged by war or just poor).

10. Shaping the Postwar World a. A meeting was held at Bretton Woods, NH (1944). There, the Allies set up the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to propell world trade and regulate currency exchange rates. i. It also started the World Bank to give loans to needy nations (ravaged by war or just poor).

11. The Problem of Germany a. Nazi leaders were tried at the ________________ just after the war for crimes against humanity. Everyone's rationale was that they'd just been following their orders. Twelve hanged, seven were given long sentences. _________________ killed himself with _____________.

11. The Problem of Germany a. Nazi leaders were tried at the Nuremberg Trials just after the war for crimes against humanity. Everyone's rationale was that they'd just been following their orders. Twelve hanged, seven were given long sentences. Hermann Goering killed himself with cyanide.

12. The Cold War Congeals a. Wanting ________________, Stalin failed to fulfill a treaty to ___________________________, but rather he helped some rebels. ______________________was not happy. By this time, deep distrust was the rule, and both sides hardened toward the other.

12. The Cold War Congeals a. Wanting oil fields, Stalin failed to fulfill a treaty to remove troops in Iran, but rather he helped some rebels. Pres. Truman was not happy. By this time, deep distrust was the rule, and both sides hardened toward the other.

13. America Begins to Rearm a. The military reorganized in 1947 with the ________________________. i. The old War Department was replaced with the __________________________; ii. the Sec. of War replaced with the ___________________. iii. The military heads of each branch were to meet in the _______________________. iv. 1947: ___________________________ was built

13. America Begins to Rearm a. The military reorganized in 1947 with the National Security Act. i. The old War Department was replaced with the Department of Defense; ii. the Sec. of War replaced with the Sec. of Defense. iii. The military heads of each branch were to meet in the Joint Chiefs of Staff. iv. 1947: the Pentagon building was built

14. Reconstruction and Revolution in Asia a. Japan also had to be managed after the war. ____________________ essentially ran as a dictator to draw up a new _________________________ based on the U.S. Constitution (1946).

14. Reconstruction and Revolution in Asia a. Japan also had to be managed after the war. Gen. Douglas MacArthur essentially ran as a dictator to draw up a new Japanese constitution based on the U.S. Constitution (1946).

15. Ferreting Out Alleged Communists a. The question then became, "Are any communists here in America?" i. ___________________ was started to investigate the loyalties of some 3 million federal employees. About 3,000 either resigned or were fired. Many states made "_______________" a priority. Teachers, especially, were often made to take "___________________."

15. Ferreting Out Alleged Communists a. The question then became, "Are any communists here in America?" i. The Loyalty Review Board was started to investigate the loyalties of some 3 million federal employees. About 3,000 either resigned or were fired. Many states made "loyalty" a priority. Teachers, especially, were often made to take "loyalty oaths."

16. Democratic Divisions in 1948 a. The Republican had won control of the House in 1946 and were feeling confident in '48. They nominated _________________ as candidate for president. Southern Democrats (called "_______________") nominated ___________________________ of SC for the States' Rights Party.

16. Democratic Divisions in 1948 a. The Republican had won control of the House in 1946 and were feeling confident in '48. They nominated Thomas Dewey as candidate for president. Southern Democrats (called "Dixiecrats") nominated Gov. Strom Thurmond of SC for the States' Rights Party.

17. The Korean Volcano Erupts (1950) a. As Germany had been split, so too had Korea. __________________ had a communist government thanks to Russia, ________________ was democratic thanks to the U.S. North and South Korea were split at the _______________.

17. The Korean Volcano Erupts (1950) a. As Germany had been split, so too had Korea. North Korea had a communist government thanks to Russia, South Korea was democratic thanks to the U.S. North and South Korea were split at the 38th parallel.

18. The Military Seesaw in Korea - The Korean War - The Forgotten War a. There were three phases of the war... i. First, was the _______________________.

18. The Military Seesaw in Korea - The Korean War - The Forgotten War a. There were three phases of the war... i. First, was the North's invasion of the South in 1950.

2. The Long Economic Boom, 1950-1970 a. The economy held its ground through the late 40's. By 1950, the economy began to skyrocket. America pushed toward, and reached, a new age of ____________________. i. By 1960, America's national income nearly doubled, then nearly doubled again by 1970. By 1973, Americans made up ________ of the world's population and held _________ of the money.

2. The Long Economic Boom, 1950-1970 a. The economy held its ground through the late 40's. By 1950, the economy began to skyrocket. America pushed toward, and reached, a new age of prosperity. i. By 1960, America's national income nearly doubled, then nearly doubled again by 1970. By 1973, Americans made up 6% of the world's population and held 40% of the money.

3. The Roots of Postwar Prosperity a. ___________________________ had several causes and propellants i. ___________________________ jump-started the entire economy.

3. The Roots of Postwar Prosperity a. The postwar economic boom had several causes and propellants i. The war's massive production jump-started the entire economy.

4. The Smiling Sunbelt a. Many babies arrived in the ________________ and many families had moved around the country. Unable to just ask her mother what-to-do question, many new moms turned to ______________________ how-to __________________________. It was a huge seller.

4. The Smiling Sunbelt a. Many babies arrived in the baby boom and many families had moved around the country. Unable to just ask her mother what-to-do question, many new moms turned to Dr. Benjamin Spock's how-to The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care. It was a huge seller.

5. The Rush to the Suburbs a. After the war, _____________ abandoned the inner-cities and moved to the suburbs. i. Cheap home loans offered by the _____________ and the ________________________ made buying a home more sensible than renting an apartment in town. ii. ____________ of Americans lived in the suburbs by 1960.

5. The Rush to the Suburbs a. After the war, whites abandoned the inner-cities and moved to the suburbs. i. Cheap home loans offered by the FHA and the Veteran's Administration made buying a home more sensible than renting an apartment in town. ii. 25% of Americans lived in the suburbs by 1960.

6. The Postwar Baby Boom a. When the soldiers returned from war, the baby boom began. The birthrate peaked in _________. It then slowed and started a "_________________."

6. The Postwar Baby Boom a. When the soldiers returned from war, the baby boom began. The birthrate peaked in 1957. It then slowed and started a "birth dearth."

7. Truman: the Man from Missouri a. He was the first president in many years without a _______________________. i. Truman was called "__________________________" (Missouri). ii. His cabinet was made of the "___________________"

7. Truman: the Man from Missouri a. He was the first president in many years without a college education. i. Truman was called "The Man from Independence" (Missouri). ii. His cabinet was made of the "Missouri gang"

8. Yalta: Bargain or Betrayal? a. The Big Three (________________________) had met at the ________________________ in Feb. 1945 (there last meeting). That meeting shaped the _____________________ to come. It was highlighted by distrust between the ______________________ and the ____________________. i. _____________ and ________________ did not trust Russia's ambitions for the post-war, ________________ did not trust us either

8. Yalta: Bargain or Betrayal? a. The Big Three (Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin) had met at the Yalta Conference in Feb. 1945 (there last meeting). That meeting shaped the Cold War to come. It was highlighted by distrust between the U.S./Britain and the Soviet Union. i. FDR and Churchill did not trust Russia's ambitions for the post-war, Russia did not trust us either

9. The United States and the Soviet Union a. The post-war world had two superpowers: ___________________________ (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics)..

9. The United States and the Soviet Union a. The post-war world had two superpowers: the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics)..

Ch 36: The Cold War Begins - ______________________________________________

Ch 36: The Cold War Begins - The Cold War refers to tensions between the US and the Soviet Union

b. 11 communists were tried in New York in 1949 under ____________________ It was a peacetime _______________________ (the first since 1798). They were convicted, imprisoned, and their case upheld by the _________________________.

b. 11 communists were tried in New York in 1949 under the Smith Act. It was a peacetime anti-sedition act (the first since 1798). They were convicted, imprisoned, and their case upheld by the Supreme Court in Dennis v. U.S. (1951).

b. China, however, was having problems. i. __________ led communist forces in a civil war against _____________________ (AKA Jiang Jieshi) ______________________. ii. ________________ and _____________ won in 1949. iii. _________________ and _____________ had to retreat offshore to the island of Formosa (Taiwan). Point of contention today.

b. China, however, was having problems. i. Mao Zedong led communist forces in a civil war against Chiang Kai-Shek's (AKA Jiang Jieshi) Nationalist government. ii. Mao and the communists won in 1949. iii. Chiang Kai-Shek and the Nationalists had to retreat offshore to the island of Formosa (Taiwan). Point of contention today.

b. Days after FDR died, a charter was drawn up for the ______________________in April 1945 in San Francisco. 50 nations participated. It's headquarters would be in ___________________.

b. Days after FDR died, a charter was drawn up for the United Nations in April 1945 in San Francisco. 50 nations participated. It's headquarters would be in New York City.

b. _____________ changed and turned toward big-businesses and away from family farms. ________________ costs fueled this change

b. Farms changed and turned toward big-businesses and away from family farms. Machinery costs fueled this change

b. He loved the sayings "_____________________," and "_________________________________."

b. He loved the sayings "The buck stops here," and "If you can't stand the heat, get out of the kitchen."

b. He outlined a new domestic program called the "_____________________." i. It was a mini-New Deal. ________________ was to improve housing; increase employment, minimum wage, farm price supports; start a ____________________, and extend ___________________.

b. He outlined a new domestic program called the "Fair Deal." i. It was a mini-New Deal. The Fair Deal was to improve housing; increase employment, minimum wage, farm price supports; start a new TVA, and extend Social Security.

b. June 25, 1950 when the North suddenly invaded the South. The South was overrun except for the __________________________. i. ______________________________ was being challenged.

b. June 25, 1950 when the North suddenly invaded the South. The South was overrun except for the southernmost city of Pusan. i. America's Truman Doctrine policy of containment was being challenged.

b. Labor unions. Congress passed the _____________________. It banned "_________________________" (closed to anyone not joining the union). i. It also made ________________________________ and made union leaders take a ________________________. ii. Opposite of the Wagner Act of the New Deal, ___________________ weakened labor unions.

b. Labor unions. Congress passed the Taft-Hartley Act. It banned "closed shops" (closed to anyone not joining the union). i. It also made unions liable for certain damages and made union leaders take a non-communist oath. ii. Opposite of the Wagner Act of the New Deal, Taft-Hartley weakened labor unions.

b. Promises were made i. _______________ promised to enter the war against _____________. ii. In return, Russia would get land—1/2 of _______________, __________________, railroads in _________________, and _________________ on the Pacific.

b. Promises were made i. Russia promised to enter the war against Japan. ii. In return, Russia would get land—1/2 of Sakhalin Island, Japan's Kurile Islands, railroads in Manchuria, and Port Arthur on the Pacific.

b. The American position toward Russia became formal with the __________________ "______________________." It simply said the U.S.S.R. was expansionist by nature and but it could be held in check by firm ___________________________.

b. The American position toward Russia became formal with the George F. Kennan's "containment doctrine." It simply said the U.S.S.R. was expansionist by nature and but it could be held in check by firm American containment.

b. ________________________ was formed by the National Security Act. The council was to advise the president on ___________________. i. The act also formed the ___________________ to gather foreign intelligence. ii. The Russian equivalent was the _________________

b. The National Security Council (NSC) was formed by the National Security Act. The council was to advise the president on security matters. i. The act also formed the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to gather foreign intelligence. ii. The Russian equivalent was the KGB

b. The Soviet Union felt put-out by the Americans because: i. (1) the U.S. had waited until 1933 to _______________________________, ii. (2) the Allies had been ______________________, iii. (3) America withdrew ___________________________ iv. (4) America rejected Russia's request for a _________________________________________________________________

b. The Soviet Union felt put-out by the Americans because: i. (1) the U.S. had waited until 1933 to officially recognize the U.S.S.R., ii. (2) the Allies had been slow to start a second front, iii. (3) America withdrew the lend-lease program to Russia in 1945 iv. (4) America rejected Russia's request for a $6 billion reconstruction loan, but gave one for Germany for $3.75 billion.

b. The Sunbelt, from ___________________________, began a boom of its own. i. There was a shift-of-power from the old Northeast and Midwest to the new South and West 1. Symbolizing this shift, __________________ became the most populous state in the 50's,

b. The Sunbelt, from California to Florida, began a boom of its own. i. There was a shift-of-power from the old Northeast and Midwest to the new South and West 1. Symbolizing this shift, California became the most populous state in the 50's,

b. The baby boom generation has had a huge impact on _________________. i. While they grew up, entire industries rode their wave. For example 1. in clothing, _________ went from work pants to standard teenage wear; 2. ___________________ boomed; 3. music changed (________________).

b. The baby boom generation has had a huge impact on America. i. While they grew up, entire industries rode their wave. For example 1. in clothing, Levi's jeans went from work pants to standard teenage wear; 2. burger joints boomed; 3. music changed (rock 'n' roll).

b. The best example of a post-war suburb was _________ on Long Island. i. The Levitt brothers perfected the "_________________" house. They were identical but also very affordable. c. Inner-cities, i. Many African Americans could not afford to move out of the inner city They faced _________________ and ____________________.

b. The best example of a post-war suburb was Levittown on Long Island. i. The Levitt brothers perfected the "cookie cutter" house. They were identical but also very affordable. c. Inner-cities, i. Many African Americans could not afford to move out of the inner city They faced racism and segregation.

b. The middle class was the big winner during these years. The class doubled in size and they expanded their ambitions: ________________________.

b. The middle class was the big winner during these years. The class doubled in size and they expanded their ambitions: two cars in the garage, home ownership

b. There was disagreement with what to do about _____________. The U.S. wanted Germany to rebuild as that's good for Europe's economy. Russia wanted _________________. i. To avoid Germany rearming, the country was divided into ________________. The U.S., France, Britain, and Russia would oversee one zone. The idea was to reunite Germany, but Russia balked at the idea. Germany was going to remain split. ii. _________________ would be a democracy, _____________ was a puppet communist nation.

b. There was disagreement with what to do about Germany. The U.S. wanted Germany to rebuild as that's good for Europe's economy. Russia wanted reparations. i. To avoid Germany rearming, the country was divided into four zones. The U.S., France, Britain, and Russia would oversee one zone. The idea was to reunite Germany, but Russia balked at the idea. Germany was going to remain split. ii. West Germany would be a democracy, East Germany was a puppet communist nation.

c. America fired up the __________________________. Congress okayed the ___________________ radio broadcast to be transmitted into Eastern Europe. d. __________________ was brought back. Young men 19 to 25 might be drafted by the _______________________

c. America fired up the propaganda machine. Congress okayed the Voice of America (1948) radio broadcast to be transmitted into Eastern Europe. d. The military draft was brought back. Young men 19 to 25 might be drafted by the Selective Service System

c. Berlin was located in _____________ (Russia's section) and it was also split into four zones. The end result was a free ________________________ located inside ____________________________, like an island. i. Russia suddenly cut off the railway to _____________________ (1948) in attempt to strangle West Berlin into giving itself over to the East. ii. America's response was the ________________________ where 1. the U.S. simply flew in needed supplies to __________________. 2. ___________________ ended their blockade the next year.

c. Berlin was located in East Germany (Russia's section) and it was also split into four zones. The end result was a free West Berlin located inside Russian-controlled East Germany, like an island. i. Russia suddenly cut off the railway to West Berlin (1948) in attempt to strangle West Berlin into giving itself over to the East. ii. America's response was the Berlin Airlift where 1. the U.S. simply flew in needed supplies to West Berlin. 2. The Soviet Union ended their blockade the next year.

c. Many women found jobs in ________________ and _____________________. Women were 25% of the workforce at war's end, about 50% five years later. i. The traditional roles of women at home was still glorified in popular media. A clash was being set up between women at work and women at home. - ____________________ and _______________________.

c. Many women found jobs in new offices and shops. Women were 25% of the workforce at war's end, about 50% five years later. i. The traditional roles of women at home was still glorified in popular media. A clash was being set up between women at work and women at home. - Leave it to Beaver, Father Knows Best.

c. __________________ took action and used Korea as an opportunity to build up the U.S. military. d. Truman also used the U.N. With Russia and their veto temporarily out, the U.N. named _____________________. The U.N. called for action to restore peace—this was the go-ahead to military action.

c. Pres. Truman took action and used Korea as an opportunity to build up the U.S. military. d. Truman also used the U.N. With Russia and their veto temporarily out, the U.N. named North Korea the aggressor. The U.N. called for action to restore peace—this was the go-ahead to military action.

c. ____________ had been attacked from the west twice within about 25 years, so, _____________ wanted a protective buffer from Western Europe. i. To create that protection, Russia set up ________________________________. These were also known as "____________________" would serve as a buffer zone to the Soviet Union.

c. Russia had been attacked from the west twice within about 25 years, so, Stalin wanted a protective buffer from Western Europe. i. To create that protection, Russia set up puppet communist governments in Eastern Europe. These were also known as "satellite nations" would serve as a buffer zone to the Soviet Union.

c. ___________________________________ set out to investigate "subversion". i. _______________ made a name for himself as a red hunter by pursuing _________________. He was convicted of perjury and served five years.

c. The House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) set out to investigate "subversion". i. Richard Nixon made a name for himself as a red hunter by pursuing Alger Hiss. He was convicted of perjury and served five years.

c. The U.N. was like the League in concept, the ____________ was different. i. ________________—the main meeting place where each nation got 2 votes.

c. The U.N. was like the League in concept, the U.N.'s structure was different. i. The General Assembly—the main meeting place where each nation got 2 votes.

c. The government took steps to ward off any slow-down in the economy. i. ________________________ and _______________________ were sold to businesses at rock bottom prices. ii.___________________________ were to give the president solid data to make solid decisions.

c. The government took steps to ward off any slow-down in the economy. i. War factories and government facilities were sold to businesses at rock bottom prices. ii. The Council of Economic Advisors were to give the president solid data to make solid decisions.

c. _____________________________ was struggling badly. To help, Truman and Sec. of State George C. Marshall started the ______________________, a massive project to lend financial help to rebuild Europe.

c. Western Europe's economy was struggling badly. To help, Truman and Sec. of State George C. Marshall started the Marshall Plan, a massive project to lend financial help to rebuild Europe.

c. With a huge nation like China going _________________, this was a bad loss for the U.S. in the Cold War. d. ____________________ race began in Sept. 1949 when the U.S.S.R. announced it'd successfully detonated an atomic bomb, ending America's "___________________."

c. With a huge nation like China going communist, this was a bad loss for the U.S. in the Cold War. d. The nuclear arms race began in Sept. 1949 when the U.S.S.R. announced it'd successfully detonated an atomic bomb, ending America's "nuclear monopoly."

d. Both the U.S. and U.S.S.R. had both been ____________________, but now had to drive _____________________ e. The U.S. and U.S.S.R. had opposing economic-political systems (____________________ and ___________________) and they didn't trust the other side. f. The "________________" had begun. Their actions and policies would dominate ________________________ for the next 40 years.

d. Both the U.S. and U.S.S.R. had both been isolationist, but now had to drive international policies. e. The U.S. and U.S.S.R. had opposing economic-political systems (capitalism and democracy vs. communism) and they didn't trust the other side. f. The "Cold War" had begun. Their actions and policies would dominate international affairs for the next 40 years.

d. Pres. Truman formally recognized Israel on May 14, 1948, the day it was started. He wanted to help the Jews after the _____________________. i. __________________ were not pleased. America's decision to support Israel, along with _______________, would long affect U.S.-_______________________.

d. Pres. Truman formally recognized Israel on May 14, 1948, the day it was started. He wanted to help the Jews after the Holocaust. i. Arab nations were not pleased. America's decision to support Israel, along with oil in the region, would long affect U.S.-Arab relations.

d. _______________________ wanted to show himself a red hunter too. He threw around wild accusations with little or no basis to them. i. His downfall came when he accused ___________________

d. Sen. Joseph McCarthy wanted to show himself a red hunter too. He threw around wild accusations with little or no basis to them. i. His downfall came when he accused military leaders

d. _________________________ was better known at the GI Bill of Rights. It sent 8 million former soldiers to __________________and ________________.

d. The Servicemen's Readjustment Act (1944) was better known at the GI Bill of Rights. It sent 8 million former soldiers to vocational schools and colleges.

d. ____________________ had fallen across Europe. i. __________________ by Churchill ii. __________________l (borders) and _____________ (democracy v. Communism) ___________ between east and west.

d. The iron curtain had fallen across Europe. i. Phrase coined by Churchill ii. A physical (borders) and doctrinal (democracy v. Communism) line between east and west.

d. Unlike the old League of Nations, _________ was favorable to the U.N. It was accepted e. The helped set up _____________ as a homeland for the Jews in 1948. f. The pressing issue was ________________. No agreement was reached. Left up to the countries.

d. Unlike the old League of Nations, the senate was favorable to the U.N. It was accepted e. The helped set up Israel as a homeland for the Jews in 1948. f. The pressing issue was atomic weaponry. No agreement was reached. Left up to the countries.

e. ________________ and _________ were historically hostile social philosophies: i. Stalin aimed to guarantee the security of the ___________________

e. Communism and capitalism were historically hostile social philosophies: i. Stalin aimed to guarantee the security of the Soviet Union

e. Some people started to think the red hunting business was going too far—__________________________. i. Since the U.S.S.R. had built the __________________ quicker than was expected, many Americans suspected spies within the U.S. had sold ________________________. 1._______________ and ___________________ were exeuted.

e. Some people started to think the red hunting business was going too far—turning from concern to hysteria. i. Since the U.S.S.R. had built the atomic bomb quicker than was expected, many Americans suspected spies within the U.S. had sold nuclear secrets. 1. Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were exeuted.

e. The old allies organized in 1948. The U.S. joined up with __________, _____________, ______________, ________________, and ____________ united to start the North Atlantic Treaty Org. (NATO).

e. The old allies organized in 1948. The U.S. joined up with Britain, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg united to start the North Atlantic Treaty Org. (NATO).

i. In 1952, the U.S. detonated a hydrogen bomb. The "_____________________" (which relies on nuclear fusion of hydrogen) was a 1,000 times more powerful than an "________________" (which relies on fission of a heavy element like uranium).

i. In 1952, the U.S. detonated a hydrogen bomb. The "H-bomb" (which relies on nuclear fusion of hydrogen) was a 1,000 times more powerful than an "A-bomb" (which relies on fission of a heavy element like uranium).

i. It was an alliance where attacking one meant attacking them all. ii. The U.S. joined despite an unwritten ___________________ and tradition of avoiding "_______________________."

i. It was an alliance where attacking one meant attacking them all. ii. The U.S. joined despite an unwritten national policy and tradition of avoiding "entangling alliances."

i. It was really a _______________________ race. Dewey seemed to have the momentum, but the Democratic vote had been split three ways. ______________________________ jumped the gun and infamously printed the headline "_________________________________." 1. Truman actually won 303 to 189 in the electoral (Thurmond also got 39). The Democrats also retook Congress.

i. It was really a Dewey vs. Truman race. Dewey seemed to have the momentum, but the Democratic vote had been split three ways. The Chicago Daily Tribune jumped the gun and infamously printed the headline "DEWEY DEFEATS TRUMAN." 1. Truman actually won 303 to 189 in the electoral (Thurmond also got 39). The Democrats also retook Congress.

i. Japan was a success story. It quickly and successfully embraced __________________ and also recovered economically to become one of the world's richest and most productive nations.

i. Japan was a success story. It quickly and successfully embraced democracy and also recovered economically to become one of the world's richest and most productive nations.

iii. Many Americans saw the "_________________" as an ill-gained "_________________" iv. Both had a "________________" ___________________—trying to export to the world their political doctrines

iii. Many Americans saw the "sphere of influence" as an ill-gained "empire" iv. Both had a "missionary" diplomacy—trying to export to the world their political doctrines

i. Pres. Truman made the containment policy official by announcing the __________________________ (1947 the U.S. was to stop communism anywhere it seemed to be trying to expand.). 1. _____________ and ___________________who were feeling communist pressures. 2. Though focused on ______________ and ________________ at the time, the Truman Doctrine was greatly broadened— 3. This policy would dominate U.S. foreign policy for the next ________________________.

i. Pres. Truman made the containment policy official by announcing the Truman Doctrine (1947 the U.S. was to stop communism anywhere it seemed to be trying to expand.). 1. Greece and Turkey who were feeling communist pressures. 2. Though focused on Greece and Turkey at the time, the Truman Doctrine was greatly broadened— 3. This policy would dominate U.S. foreign policy for the next four decades.

i. Some $12.5 billion was spent over four years, a huge sum. Congress thought the number too high (they'd already given $2 billion to U.N. agencies), but a __________________ in ______________________ changed their minds.

i. Some $12.5 billion was spent over four years, a huge sum. Congress thought the number too high (they'd already given $2 billion to U.N. agencies), but a Russia-sponsored revolution in Czechoslovakia changed their minds.

i. Within the week, Truman sent __________________ to South Korea in a "_______________________." ii. The U.N. named ______________________ of the entire operation, but he took orders from Washington.

i. Within the week, Truman sent Gen. MacArthur's troops to South Korea in a "police action." ii. The U.N. named MacArthur commander of the entire operation, but he took orders from Washington.

ii. By maintaining an extensive Soviet sphere of influence in ______________ and _____________________, the USSR could protect itself and consolidate its revolutionary base as the world's leading ____________________.

ii. By maintaining an extensive Soviet sphere of influence in Eastern and Central Europe, the USSR could protect itself and consolidate its revolutionary base as the world's leading communist country

ii. It was so powerful that both ___________________ and _____________ spoke out. Einstein had written a letter to FDR to initiate the _____________________ and _______________ had been in charge of ___________________which built the bomb. They both advised to not build the H-bomb. iii. ____________________ - hasn't stopped

ii. It was so powerful that both Albert Einstein and J. Robert Oppenheimer spoke out. Einstein had written a letter to FDR to initiate the A-bomb's construction and Oppenheimer had been in charge of the Manhattan Project which built the bomb. They both advised to not build the H-bomb. iii. the arms race on - hasn't stopped

ii. Many of these programs were shot down in Congress. iii. Its major successes were in upping the minimum wage, passing the ________________________ to provide public housing, and extending old-age benefits in a new ______________________.

ii. Many of these programs were shot down in Congress. iii. Its major successes were in upping the minimum wage, passing the Housing Act (1949) to provide public housing, and extending old-age benefits in a new Social Securities Act (1950).

ii. Post-war military projects kept the "________________________" in business. 1. There were tons of jobs in military-related areas, such as ________________, _____________,____________________, ________________________. - 2. ___________________________________ - relationship between business that supply products and services to the US military and the government

ii. Post-war military projects kept the "military-industrial complex" in business. 1. There were tons of jobs in military-related areas, such as aerospace, plastics, electronics, and "R and D" (research and development). - 2. the Military industrial complex - relationship between business that supply products and services to the US military and the government

ii. Prior, ______________ and _______________ were expected to dress and act like small adults. By the 50's, youth dressed and acted their own way and did their own thing. iii. Impact on ___________________ and _____________________________ today is massive

ii. Prior, children and adolescents were expected to dress and act like small adults. By the 50's, youth dressed and acted their own way and did their own thing. iii. Impact on social security and health care system today is massive

ii. Secondly, MacArthur's troops set up at Pusan then did a bold "__________________________" and hit behind enemy lines at ______________. Surprised, the ____________________ were quickly driven northward. 1. The North was pushed nearly all the way to the ________________, the China border. MacArthur thought the war nearly over. Crossing the ___________________ into the North raised the stakes.

ii. Secondly, MacArthur's troops set up at Pusan then did a bold "end-around" and hit behind enemy lines at Inchon. Surprised, the North Koreans were quickly driven northward. 1. The North was pushed nearly all the way to the Yalu River, the China border. MacArthur thought the war nearly over. Crossing the 38th parallel into the North raised the stakes.

ii. The Marshall Plan worked. _______________________ rebounded, and _________________________ in those nations lost influence.

ii. The Marshall Plan worked. Western Europe's economies rebounded, and communist groups in those nations lost influence.

ii. __________________ dealing with conflict and war. It had 11 member nations, 5 were permanent with total veto power (_____, ________, _________, __________, and ____________). 1. ________________ would prove to be the most influential and active in world affairs.

ii. The Security Council dealing with conflict and war. It had 11 member nations, 5 were permanent with total veto power (U.S., Britain, France, U.S.S.R. and China). 1. The Security Council would prove to be the most influential and active in world affairs.

ii. The obvious problems were the rights to ________________, __________________, and . Still, at this time, those rights were muffled.

ii. The obvious problems were the rights to free speech, press, and thought being hampered. Still, at this time, those rights were muffled.

iii. _________________ was cheap and plentiful. _________________________ reflected the cheap gas. A strong infrastructure of power lines, gas lines helped _____________________________. iv. ____________ increased. More Americans went to and stayed in school. v. Increased education meant increased ___________________.

iii. Energy was cheap and plentiful. High car sales reflected the cheap gas. A strong infrastructure of power lines, gas lines helped feed homes and businesses. iv. Worker production increased. More Americans went to and stayed in school. v. Increased education meant increased standard of living.

iii. NATO would later grow. _______________ and ___________ joined up in 1952, West Germany in 1955. NATO had _____________________ by then. iv. Not to be outdone by the West, _____________ set up the Warsaw Pact made up of the _______________ and the _______________________.

iii. NATO would later grow. Greece and Turkey joined up in 1952, West Germany in 1955. NATO had 15 nations by then. iv. Not to be outdone by the West, the Soviets set up the Warsaw Pact made up of the U.S.S.R. and the Eastern European nations.

iii. Other relief-based agencies, such as _____________ (U.N. Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Org.), the __________ (Food and Agricultural Org.) and _________ (World Health Org.).

iii. Other relief-based agencies, such as UNESCO (U.N. Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Org.), the FAO (Food and Agricultural Org.) and WHO (World Health Org.).

iii. ____________________ pledged free elections for __________________ and a representative government; also elections in ___________ and ____________. 1. These promises were flatly broken. _______________ set up puppet communist governments. c. FDR was roundly criticized for doing poorly at the ________________________.

iii. Russia pledged free elections for Poland and a representative government; also elections in Bulgaria and Romania. 1. These promises were flatly broken. The Soviets set up puppet communist governments. c. FDR was roundly criticized for doing poorly at the Yalta Conference.

iii. Third, some ____________________ helped push back southward to the original line at the 38th parallel. 1. MacArthur called for a ________________ and ________________________. Washington didn't want to take the war that big. ________________ pressed the issue and went public with it. 2. Pres. Truman fired ________________. Truman was criticized for removing the popular general, but he felt he had no choice. The American military is ultimately run by _________________, not the military. 3. ________________________ - marines forced to withdraw 4. _____________ bogged down there for two more years, and that's where it ended in 1953 a. ____________________ will be president when it ends.

iii. Third, some 200,000 Chinese helped push back southward to the original line at the 38th parallel. 1. MacArthur called for a blockade and bombing of China. Washington didn't want to take the war that big. MacArthur pressed the issue and went public with it. 2. Pres. Truman fired MacArthur. Truman was criticized for removing the popular general, but he felt he had no choice. The American military is ultimately run by civilians, not the military. 3. Chosen Reservoir - marines forced to withdraw 4. The war bogged down there for two more years, and that's where it ended in 1953 a. Eisenhower will be president when it ends.

iv. New Technology - ________________ used on a large scale, ______________ supplied the North

iv. New Technology - jet fighter used on a large scale, Russia supplied the North

v. Today 1. 2. 3. a. i. ii. 4. 5. 6. a. 7.

v. Today 1. US bases in the South: 2. DMZ 3. Axis of Evil a. Nuclear power now i. Recent Missile tests ii. Assassination of half brother and uncle 4. Japan feels threatened 5. Influence of China 6. Totalitarian state a. State run media 7. Recent action by President Trump