CH 39 Cardiovascular

A nurse is calculating the cardiac output of an adult with a stroke volume of 75 mL and a pulse of 78 beats/min. What number would the nurse document for this assessment? 5,450 mL 5,850 mL 6,050 mL 5,650 mL

5,850 mL (SV x HR)

Incomplete lung expansion or the collapse of alveoli, known as _____, prevents pressure changes in the exchange of gases by diffusion in the lungs

Atelectasis

The nurse is educating an adolescent with asthma on how to use a metered-dose inhaler. Which education point follows recommended guidelines? Inhale the medication rapidly. Be sure to shake the canister before using it. Inhale two sprays with one breath for faster action. Inhale through the nose instead of the mouth.

Be sure to shake the canister before using it.

Beta-adrenergic blockers - what do they do?

Block nor/epinephrine Decreases workload, and oxygen consumption Controls abnormal heart rhythms, slow AV conduction Controls BP

Calcium channel blockers - what do they do?

Blocks flow of calcium into cells of heart and blood vessels Decreases BP Reduces strength of myocardial contraction, slows heart rate Dilates the arteries and arterioles

The nurse is caring for an older adult client on home oxygen who has dentures but has quit wearing them stating that the dentures irritate the gums. What nursing action is appropriate? Increase the flow of oxygen. Contact the oxygen supplier to request an oxygen tent. Discontinue oxygen therapy until the client is reassessed by the healthcare provider. Check the fit of the oxygen mask.

Check the fit of the oxygen mask.

The movement of gas or particles from an area of higher pressure/concentration to an area of lower pressure/concentration is known as _____, which is influenced by any change in surface area

Diffusion

Positive inotropic agents - what do they do?

Improves the effectiveness of the hearts pumping action without excess workload or oxygen demands Reduces the heart muscle cells' ability to trigger its own contraction Dilates blood vessels

Vasodilators - what do they do?

Increase CO, blood flow + oxygen to tissues Dilate blood vessels Ease cardiac workload Control BP Treat heart failure

The ____ oxygen mask delivers the highest concentration of oxygen, via a mask, to a spontaneously breathing patient

Nonrebreather

Diuretics - what do they do?

Removes sodium and water through urine Reduces the volume of circulating blood

The air quality index has rated it a red air quality day in the city. Which information will the nurse share with the client about promoting effective respiratory self-care? Avoid exposure to large crowds. Stay indoors as much as possible. Cut down on smoking. Practice good hand hygiene.

Stay indoors as much as possible.

Normal breath sounds include vesicular, bronchial, and bronchovesicular sounds. T/F?

TRUE

Often heard in patients with asthma, _____ are continuous, musical sounds, produced as air passes through airwaves constricted by swelling, narrowing, secretions, or tumors.

Wheezes

A nurse is admitting a 6-year-old child after a tonsillectomy to the surgical unit. The nurse obtains the client's weight and places electrocardiogram (EKG) leads on the chest and a pulse oximeter on the left finger. The client's heart rate reads 100 bpm and the pulse oximeter reads 99%. These readings best indicate: heart failure. high cardiac output. adequate tissue perfusion. diminished stroke volume.

adequate tissue perfusion.

The nurse is assessing a newborn in the nursery. The nurse notes the infant has episodes in which breathing ceased for 20 seconds on 2 occasions. The nurse correctly recognizes this condition as: dyspnea. hypercapnia. orthopnea. apnea.

apnea.

Upon evaluation of a client's medical history, the nurse recognizes that which condition may lead to an inadequate supply of oxygen to the tissues of the body? chronic anemia Parkinson's disease pancreatitis Graves' disease

chronic anemia

A 24-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital for an exacerbation of symptoms related to her cystic fibrosis. During a nurse's assessment of the client, the nurse notices a bluish color around her lips. What is the client exhibiting in this scenario? cyanosis hypoxemia eupnea hypercapnia

cyanosis

The nurse is caring for a client who is diagnosed with Impaired Gas Exchange. While performing a physical assessment of the client, which data is the nurse likely to find, keeping in mind the client's diagnosis? high temperature low blood pressure high respiratory rate low pulse rate

high respiratory rate

The nurse is caring for a client admitted for a mild exacerbation of asthma who has been prescribed portable oxygen at 2 L/min. What delivery device will the nurse select to apply oxygen to the client? nasal cannula simple mask tracheostomy collar face tent

nasal cannula

A nurse is assigned to care for a client admitted to the health care facility with the diagnosis of atelectasis. When interviewing the client, the nurse would anticipate a history of: croup. alcohol use. pneumonia. asthma.

pneumonia.

The nurse performs a respiratory assessment on a healthy client. While listening to the client's lungs, the nurse hears them fill with air and then return to a resting position. The nurse deems the findings normal. Which is the best way to document this respiratory assessment and lung sounds? "Client sitting upright in bed, respirations 24 and shallow, lungs clear bilaterally, oxygen at 2 liters per nasal cannula, productive cough." "Respiratory rate 22, regular; lungs sounds clear bilaterally; spontaneous, nonproductive cough, yellow drainage from nostrils." "Client breathing without difficulty; respiratory rate 22 and regular on 2 liters of oxygen per nasal cannula; dry, hacky, intermittent cough; reports slight shortness of breath with exertion." "Respiratory rate 14, even, regular, and easy; depth with acceptable parameters; lung sounds clear all lobes bilaterally; absence of adventitious lung sounds; absence of spontaneous cough; oxygen saturation 98%."

"Respiratory rate 14, even, regular, and easy; depth with acceptable parameters; lung sounds clear all lobes bilaterally; absence of adventitious lung sounds; absence of spontaneous cough; oxygen saturation 98%."

A child is admitted to the pediatric division with an acute asthma attack. The nurse assesses the lung sounds and respiratory rate. The mother asks the nurse, "Why is his chest sucking in above his stomach? The nurse's most accurate response is: "He is using his chest muscles to help him breathe." "His infection is causing him to breathe harder." "His lung muscles are swollen so he is using abdominal muscles." "He will require additional testing to determine the cause."

"He is using his chest muscles to help him breathe."

A client receiving home oxygen calls the telehealth nurse to report that her caretaker removed her oxygen tank from the wheeled carrier. What is the appropriate telehealth nurse response? "That will help the oxygen flow more freely." "Call your oxygen supplier immediately." "The caregiver will need to place the oxygen tank back into the secure carrier." "That will make it easier to carry with you."

"The caregiver will need to place the oxygen tank back into the secure carrier."

The nurse is assessing the vital signs of clients in a community health care facility. Which client respiratory results should the nurse report to the health care provider? A 12-year-old with a respiratory rate of 20 bpm A 70-year-old with a respiratory rate of 18 bpm A 4-year-old with a respiratory rate of 32 bpm An infant with a respiratory rate of 16 bpm

An infant with a respiratory rate of 16 bpm

Cough suppressants are drugs that facilitate the removal of respiratory tract secretions by reducing the viscosity of the secretions. T/F?

FALSE Expectorants are drugs that facilitate the removal of respiratory tract secretions by reducing the viscosity of the secretions.

Respiration is the process by which oxygenated capillary blood passes through body tissue. T/F?

FALSE Perfusion is the process by which oxygenated capillary blood passes through body tissues Respiration involves gas exchange between the atmospheric air in the alveoli in the blood in the capillaries

The nurse assesses a client and detects the following findings: difficulty breathing, increased respiratory and pulse rates, and pale skin with regions of cyanosis. What condition would the nurse suspect as causing these respiratory alterations? Hypoxia Hyperventilation Perfusion Atelectasis

Hypoxia

Which teaching about the humidifier is important for the nurse to provide to a client using oxygen? It prescribes oxygen concentration. It determines whether the client is getting enough oxygen. It regulates the amount of oxygen received. It decreases dry mucous membranes via delivering small water droplets.

It decreases dry mucous membranes via delivering small water droplets.

A detergent-like phospholipid, known as _____, reduces the surface tension between the moist membranes of the alveoli, preventing their collapse

Surfactant

Patients who experience dyspnea and feelings of panic can often reduce the symptoms by using pursed-lip breathing. T/F?

TRUE

Patients with fluid, blood, or air in the plural space require a chest tube to drain these substances and allow the compressed lung to re-expand. T/F?

TRUE

The newly hired nurse is caring for a client who had a tracheostomy four hours ago. Which action by the nurse would cause the charge nurse to intervene? The newly hired nurse adjusts the bed to a comfortable working position. The newly hired nurse assesses the client's pain and administers pain medication. The newly hired nurse delegates care of the tracheostomy to a licensed practical/vocational nurse (LPN/LVN). The newly hired nurse explains what she is doing and the reason to the client, even though the client does not appear to be alert.

The newly hired nurse delegates care of the tracheostomy to a licensed practical/vocational nurse (LPN/LVN).

The nurse is conducting a respiratory assessment of a client age 71 years who has been recently admitted to the hospital unit. Which assessment finding should the nurse interpret as abnormal? fine crackles to the bases of the lungs bilaterally resonance on percussion of lung fields vesicular breath sounds audible over peripheral lung fields respiratory rate of 18 breaths per minute

fine crackles to the bases of the lungs bilaterally

An older resident at a long-term care facility has been placed on oxygen via a partial rebreather mask due to COVID-19. While helping the resident prepare for sleep, the nurse notices the mask is no longer fitting properly. Which question should the nurse prioritize? "Did someone take your mask off?" "Did you remove your dentures?" "Did someone loosen the straps on your mask?" "Is your mask causing discomfort?"

"Is your mask causing discomfort?"