Ch 6 Applied Performance Practices
knowledge of results
an awareness of the work outcomes based on information from the job itself
One issue with membership and seniority-based rewards is that they
do not directly motivate job performance
self-determination
employees feel that they have freedom, independence and discretion over their work activities
impact
employees view themselves as active participants in the organization; they believe their decisions and actions have an influence on the company's success
Which core job characteristic affects experienced responsibility for work outcomes?
autonomy
Which rewards system motivates employees to learn new skills?
competency-based
natural grouping
naturally groups tasks together to complete an entire product; forming natural work units
_________ is the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole or identifiable piece of work, such as assembling an entire broadband modem rather than just soldering in the circuity.
task identity
________ is the process of assigning tasks to a job
job design
Studies have shown that performance-based rewards
will motivate most employees but only under the right conditions
autonomy
a key ingredient for intrinsic motivation; freedom, independence, and discretion in scheduling the work determining the procedures to be used to complete the work
skill-based pay
a more specific variation of competency-based rewards in which people receive higher pay determined by their master of measurable skills
task analyzability
how much the job can be performed using known procedures and rules
task variability
how predictable the job duties are from one day to the nest
Employees at CyberTech perform repetitive jobs that have resulted in boredom as well as repetitive strain injury. Technology makes it difficult to combine existing jobs, but the company wants to make employees more multiskilled. Which of the following would be best help CyberTech to improve this situation?
introduce job rotation
Team rewards are better than individual rewards when employees work in highly interdependent jobs because
it is difficult to measure individual performance in these situations
What type of reward system uses job evaluation?
job status-based rewards
One of the disadvantages of membership and seniority-based rewards is that they
may weaken job performance by generating continuance rather than effective commitment
Which of the psychological empowerment dimensions is possessed by employees when they care about their work and believe that what they do is important?
meaning
growth need strength
refers to an individual's need for personal growth and development, such as work that offers challenges, cognitive stimulation, learning, and independent thought and action
Which are included under constructive thought strategies in self-leadership?
self-talk and mental imagery
Most job evaluation methods use what three criteria to determine the "worth" of a job within the organization?
skill/effort required, working conditions, and level of responsiblity
self-leadership
specific cognitive and behavioral strategies to achieve personal goals and standards through self-direction and self-motivation
experienced meaningfulness
the belief that one's work is worthwhile and important; skill variety, task identity, and task significance directly contribute to it
skill variety
the extent to which employees must use different skills and talents to perform tasks within their jobs
task interdependence
the extent to which team members must share materials, information, or expertise in order to perform their jobs
self-talk
the process of talking to ourselves about our own thoughts or actions
job specialization
the result of a division of labor, in which work is subdivided into separate jobs assigned to different people
cycle time
time required to complete the task before starting over with another item or client
Our strategy to support psychological empowerment is to enhance ________, which refers to changing the workplace conditions or environment.
structural empowerment
job enrichment
the practice of giving employees more responsibility for scheduling, coordinating, and planning their own work
job enlargement
the practice of increasing the number and variety of related tasks assigned to a job
scientific management
the practice of systematically partitioning work into its smallest elements and standardizing tasks to achieve maximum efficiency
mental imagery
the process of mentally practicing a task and visualizing its successful completion
Which is an individual reward?
commision
commisions
pay depends on the sales volume they generate
psychological empowerment
a perceptual and emotional state in which people experience more self-determination, meaning, competence, and impact regarding their role in the organization
job characteristics model
a job design model that relates the motivational properties of jobs to specific personal and organizational consequences of those properties
employee stock ownership plan (ESOP)
a reward system that encourages employees to buy company stock
stock options
a reward system that gives employees the right to purchase company stock at a future date at a predetermined price
profit-sharing plan
a reward system that pays bonuses to employees on the basis of the previous year's level of corporate profits
experienced responsbility
a sense of being personally accountable for the work outcomes; autonomy directly contributes to feelings of this
gainsharing plan
a team-based reward that calculates bonuses from the work unit's cost savings and productivity improvement
Which motivates employees to continuously learn skills that will keep them employed?
competency-based rewards
competence
employees are confident about their ability to perform the work well and have a capacity to grow with new challenges
meaning
employees care about their work and believe that what they do is important
Which work environment factors would support self-leadership?
employees have some degree of autonomy
One disadvantage of job specialization is that
employees often do not see where their job fits in the overall production output
A reward system that calculates bonuses from the work's unit's cost savings and productivity improvement is known as a
gainsharing plan
People in countries that have __________ tend to have high levels of respect and priority for money.
high power distance
establishing client relationships
involves putting employees in direct contact with their clients rather than using another job group or the supervisor as the liaison between the employee and customer
Which rewards system represents the largest portion of most individuals' paychecks?
membership/seniority-based
The term "golden handcuffs" is most applicable to which of the types of rewards?
membership/seniority-based rewards
Men and women view the meaning of money differently in that
men view money as a symbol of status
For rewards to be relevant, they should be tied to
performance within the employee's control
One of the limitations of ESOPs, profit-sharing plans and stock options s that they
provide a weak link between individual effort and company and/or stock performamce
Empowerment includes which four characteristics?
self-determination, meaning, competence, and impact
Catrina decided to do a more enjoyable task after completing a task that she disliked. This instance is an example of
self-reinforcement
Which does scientific management include?
systematically dividing a job into its smallest possible elements and assigning these divided tasks to employees who are best qualified to perform them
job evaluation
systematically rating the worth of jobs within an organization by measuring the required skill, effort, responsibility, and working conditions
task significance
the degree to which a job has a substantial impact on the organization and/or larger society
task identity
the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole or an identifiable piece of work
job feedback
the degree to which employees can tell how well they are doing from direct sensory information from the job itself
