Ch. 6 Bone Tissue

Which of the following regions of the bone would not undergo bone remodeling as frequently as other regions

Compact bone

Why would running and jumping have a larger effect on bone health than walking

Osteoblast are more active and osteoclast maintain normal activity when there is mechanical stress placed on bones

Cells active when cartilage needs to be removed so new bone can be produced

Osteoclast

Which is formed from the fusion of as many as 50 monocytes (a type of white blood cell)?

Osteoclast

PTH will increase _____ activity while calcitonin will decrease ______ activity

Osteoclast; osteoclast

Which of the following is mismatched

Osteoclasts -are derived from osteoblasts and break down bone tissue

In endochondral ossification, what is the original source of osteoblast

Osteoprogenitor cells

Compact bone is composed of units called osteons. In contrast, spongy bone is composed of

Trabeculae

This cell is active once the matrix of bone calcifies. The cells sits in a lacunae

osteocytes

Which of the following selections lists bone cells in the order from unspecialized stem cell to highly specialized mature bone cell

osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes

Which of the following statements are true

- Compact bone contains osteons while spongy bone contains trabeculae - Compact bone makes up most of the bone In the diaphysis while spongy bone makes up most of the epiphysis - Spongy bone makes up most of the structure of short, flat and irregular bones and the inside of the epiphysis of long bones - Spongy bone make bone lighter and aids in stress resistance Answer: - All of these statements are true

Which of the following statements is incorrect

- the skeleton provides a structural framework for the body - the cranium, rib cage and vertebral protect important internal organs from injury - bone releases minerals as needed to maintain homeostasis - bone stores calcium and phosphorus Answer: - All of these are correct

What statement describe spongy bone

1. Composed of trabeculae 5. Arrangement a long lines of force that are encounter 6. Gaps filled with marrow 7. Maintains strength with light weight 9. Has lamellae, osteocytes, lucanae, canaliculi, and central canals

Which of the following tissues are part of bone

1. Epithelial tissue 3. Nervous tissue 4. Connective tissue Answer; 1, 3, 4

Which is the proper sequence in the healing of a fracture

4,5,3,2,1

Where in the diagram does the secondary ossification center form

A

Where would reticular connective tissue be located in the diagram below

A

Which bone cell in the diagram is located in the inner layer of the periosteum, the endosteum, and perforating and Haversian canals

A

Which of the following labeled structures in the diagram is a site of red blood cell production in adult bones

A

Which of the labeled structures in the diagram are fragments of older osteons that have been partially destroyed during bone rebuilding or growth?

A

Where in the diagram can you find red bone marrow in an adult?

A and B

List the order of the zones in an epiphyseal plate from the diaphyseal region to the distal epiphysis. A: Zone of calcified cartilage B: Zone of hypertrophic cartilage C: Zone of proliferating cartilage D: Zone of resting cartilage

A, B. C, D

Bone growth and remodeling are influenced by all of the following except

Amount of fibrocartilage available

A skeleton that exhibits a partially closed epiphyseal plate would likely be that of a

An adolescent

By which process, as an individual grows to adulthood, is the thickness (diameter) of bone increase

Appositional growth

The ________ is composed of hyaline cartilage and reduces friction between bones involved in a joint

Articular cartilage

Which of the following is incorrectly matched

Articular cartilage - composed of elastic cartilage to allow flexibility

What type of bone cell secretes hydroxyapatite and collagen fibers

B

Which labeled structures in the figure are lamellae?

B

In the diagram, where do cells loose the ability to divide and increase in size

B - green part

Which statement describes blood calcium levels accurately

Blood calcium levels increase when bone brakes down and decrease when bone is built

In the diagram, what bone is considered the strongest

C

What area in the diagram would the primary ossification center be formed

C

Which bone cell in the diagram below transport nutrients and waste trough tiny canals radiating from the lacunae

C

Which labeled structures in the figure are canalicili

C

in which region of the diagram would yellow bone marrow be located

C

What are the extracellular fluid filled extensions of the lacunae called

Canaliculi

Which bone cell in the diagram below is an osteoclast

D

In the diagram, where is the zone of resting cartilage and does it demonstrate a proximal epiphysis or a distal epiphysis

D; proximal epiphysis

During fracture repair, what area will have mesenchymal cells that differentiate into fibroblasts, chondroblast and osteoblast

E

Which illustration and radiograph in the figure shows a Potts fracture

E

Which labeled structure in the figure was once an osteoprogenitor cell

E

Which labeled structures in the diagram secure dense irregular and osteogenic layers to the bone matrix

E

In the diagram, which is the first blood vessel that enters the bone model in endochondral ossification

H

Which of the following is/are incorrect

Endochondral ossification begins with development of an ossification center

The ______ is composed of hyaline cartilage and allows the diaphysis to grow in length

Epiphyseal plate

Which is not a function of calcium in the body

Epithelium function

In the diagram, what area allows communication from the outermost region to the innermost region of bone

F

Near the center of the diaphysis, the nutrient artery and the vein pass through a hole in compact bone called the nutrient

Foramen

Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps in the repair of a bone fracture

Fracture hematoma, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, bony callus formation, bone remodeling

Which of the labeled structures in the diagram are composed of trabeculae, which are bony structures that lack osteons

G

Which type of fracture is considered a partial fracture and is only seen in children

Greenstick fracture

The process of intramembranous ossification generates within a pre-existing template composed of mesenchymal tissue. In contrast, endochondral ossification generates bone within a pre-existing template composed of

Hyaline cartilage

Increasing mechanical stress will cause bone to become stronger by

Increasing deposition of minerals salts

During endochondral ossification in a fetus, bones initially develop as a cartilage model surrounded by a connective tissue covering called the

Mesenchyme

In which region of a long bone, such as the humerus, would you find the epiphyseal plate (growth plate)?

Metaphysis

The _______ is the region of long bone that contains hyaline cartilage used for growths in length

Metaphysis

The type of bone fracture characterized by the broken end of the bone protruding the skin is known has a

Open (compound) fracture

The cells active in fracture repair during the production of the hard (spongy bone) callus.

Osteoblast

Which is not a part of the events that result in parathyroid hormones control of blood calcium levels

PTH acts on the parafollicular cells of the thyroid glands to increase the levels of hormone calcitonin

what hormone is released from the control center when the control center receives cAMP input; also important in increasing blood calcium serum levels.

Parathyroid

Which hormone is the most important for Ca2+ regulation

Parathyroid hormone

What area of long bone is composed of dense irregular connective tissue and osteogenic cells

Periosteum

Which of the following hormones are more important post-puberty for bone growth

Sex hormones

Stan is a 35 year old man who is a dedicated long distance runner. He spends hours every week running along neighborhood streets. Recently Stan has had to go to the doctor due to pain in his lower legs that intensifies when he tries to run. There is no swelling or obvious damage, so he is surprised to hear the doctor say he has a fracture of his tibia. Stan is most likely to have which type of fracture?

Stress fracture

If collagen is removed from bone, what happens to the bone

The bone becomes stiff and brittle

Why do greenstick fracture commonly occur in children

Their bones contain higher amount of collagen

Which two minerals are needed in large quantities when bones are growing

calcium and phosphorous

which two minerals are stored in major quantities in the bone tissue

calcium and phosphorus

The shaft of a long bone is the

diaphysis

Which region of a long bone articulates with other bones?

epiphysis

osteoporosis is most common in the elderly women because of the lack of ______ which would inhibit

estrogen; osteoclast activity

If bone is analogous to a bank, calcium is analogous to

money

The process of bone formation is referred too

ossification

Which of the following selections correctly list the sequence of events that occur during intramembranous ossification

ossification center develops, calcification, formation of trabeculae, development of new periosteum

How are osteons in compact bone tissue aligned? How does the osteons arrangement affect bone strength?

parallel to the length of the diaphysis; the shaft resist bending even when stresses are applied in certain directions

Bone mass reduction is promoted by which hormone?

parathyroid hormone