Ch 7-10 Practice Tests

D. animism.

"My computer doesn't like me. It keeps eating my pictures" says three-year-old Kimberly. This is an example of: Select one: A. intuitive thinking. B. egocentrism. C. conservation. D. animism.

B. is not primarily the result of visual, hearing, or motor disabilities.

A learning disability: Select one: A. is the result of inadequate intellectual functioning. B. is not primarily the result of visual, hearing, or motor disabilities. C. does not involve understanding or using spoken languages. D. resides in a single, specific brain location.

A. authoritarian parent

A parent who uses a restrictive, punitive style to control the behavior of their children is a: Select one: A. authoritarian parent. B. permissive parent. C. authoritative parent. D. uninvolved parent.

A. one-third

About ________ of parents who were abused themselves when they were young go on to abuse their own children. Select one: A. one-third B. two-third C. half D. three-quarters

D. conscience

According to Erik Erikson, the great governor of initiative is: Select one: A. fear. B. independence. C. obedience. D. conscience.

C. superego.

According to Freud, the moral element of the personality is called the: Select one: A. ego. B. superid. C. superego. D. id.

D. prefrontal cortex; improved attention, reasoning, and cognitive control

Advances in the ________ of the brain are linked to children's ________. Select one: A. parietal lobe; sharper color and peripheral vision B. temporal lobe; hand-eye coordination and pincer grasp C. occipital lobe; better spatial skills D. prefrontal cortex; improved attention, reasoning, and cognitive control

C. subtractive

Before she started school in the U.S., Mita, daughter of immigrant parents of Indian origin, used to speak only her home language of Hindi fluently. She then learned to speak English in school and attained fluency in both Hindi and English. However, as she grew older, she started to feel ashamed of her roots and gave up speaking Hindi altogether. This phenomenon is called ________ bilingualism. Select one: A. relapsed B. subjective C. subtractive D. retractive

B. the children be told that they are not the cause of the separation.

Carl and Tulip are getting a divorce and want to know how they can best communicate the news to their young children. Ellen Galinsky and Judy David would suggest that: Select one: A. it is best that only one parent be present while breaking the news. B. the children be told that they are not the cause of the separation. C. the children be told that the support they receive from their parents is bound to change. D. it is best that this painful matter should not be discussed repeatedly with the children.

C. extreme daytime sleepiness.

Children can experience a number of sleep problems including narcolepsy which is characterized by: Select one: A. nightmares. B. difficulty in staying asleep. C. extreme daytime sleepiness. D. difficulty in going to sleep. Feedback

C. good at teaching prosocial skills.

Children's shows like Sesame Street are: Select one: A. good electronic babysitters but not good at teaching any skills. B. not effective when they try to teach; they are more effective when they are aimed at entertainment. C. good at teaching prosocial skills. D. detrimental to children learning positive social interchange.

D. acculturation.

Cultural changes that occur when one culture comes in contact with another is known as: Select one: A. accommodation. B. adaptation. C. affiliation. D. acculturation.

B. autism

Cynthia shows a number of behaviors different from children her age, including deficits in social interaction and communication as well as repetitive behaviors or interests. She is indifferent toward others and prefers to be alone. She is more interested in objects than people. It is MOST likely that she suffers from: Select one: A. narcolepsy. B. autism C. anemia. D. insomnia.

C. Montessori

Dorothy is enrolled in a preschool where she spends much of her time in unstructured activity. She plays with the different toys she chooses, and her teacher acts as a facilitator rather than a director. Which of the following approaches is Dorothy's preschool using? Select one: A. Rogerian B. Kindergarten C. Montessori D. Success-oriented

D. decrease in relation to body height.

During elementary school years, head circumference and waist circumference: Select one: A. increase in relation to body height. B. increase in relation to body weight. C. decrease in relation to body weight. D. decrease in relation to body height.

D. Increased myelination of the central nervous system.

Eight-year-old Ella can use scissors to cut small paper dolls out of construction paper, something she could not do at age 3. What best accounts for her improving dexterity? Select one: A. Increased cortical thickening in the temporal lobe. B. Increased muscle development. C. Increased bone ossification. D. Increased myelination of the central nervous system.

C. intuitive thought

Four-year-old Ethan reasons that every time he sees a lightning bolt in the sky, angels are turning on their flashlights. Ethan's primitive reasoning about lightning is characteristic of: Select one: A. symbolic function. B. centration. C. intuitive thought D. egocentrism.

B. He tries to place each block perfectly on top of the other, upsetting those already stacked.

Four-year-old Nathan is good at stacking his playing blocks to make tall structures. However, he still knocks them over occasionally. Which of the following is the most likely reason for this? Select one: A. His gross motor skills are underdeveloped. B. He tries to place each block perfectly on top of the other, upsetting those already stacked. C. He is showing signs of dyslexia. D. His coordination skills are not developing normally for his age.

D. 4 to 7

From about ________ years of age, children display heteronomous morality. Select one: A. 1 to 3 B. 10 to 12 C. 2 to 4 D. 4 to 7

D. self-conscious

Hans feels ashamed when his parents say "You should feel bad about biting your sister!" To experience a ________ emotion like shame, Hans must be able to refer to himself as distinct from others. Select one: A. sympathetic B. social C. penitent D. self-conscious

D. 8

Howard Gardner suggests that there are ________ types of intelligence. Select one: A. 11 B. 6 C. 4 D. 8

B. apprentices

In Thompson's view, young children are moral ________, striving to understand what is moral. Select one: A. explorers B. apprentices C. adventurers D. novices

B. two

In the context of perception, by ________ years of age, a child recognizes that another person will see what is in front of his or her own eyes instead of what is in front of the child's eyes. A. three B. two C. four D. five

C. short-term

Irene is taking a test where she hears a random list of numbers that she is asked to repeat in the right order. Irene is having her ________ memory tested. Select one: A. implicit B. recognition C. short-term D. procedural

B. people can have ambivalent feelings

It is only by age seven that children begin to recognize all of the following EXCEPT: Select one: A. people have different interpretations of the same event. B. people can have ambivalent feelings C. there can be more than one correct opinions on an issue. D. people's behaviors do not necessarily reflect their thoughts and feelings.

A. metamemory.

Knowledge about memory is known as: Select one: A. metamemory. B. implicit memory. C. metadata. D. working memory.

A. Phonics

Louise is teaching her son to read by telling him the sounds that each alphabet stands for. What approach is she using? Select one: A. Phonics B. Balanced-instruction C. Morphological D. Whole-language

C. androgens

Low levels of ________ in the female embryo allow the normal development of female sex organs. Select one: A. progesterone B. estrogens C. androgens D. estradiol

D. Maribel's children are likely to experience less effective parenting than Kim's children.

Maribel works as a housekeeper at a hotel. She has no autonomy in her work, works long hours, and feels quite stressed by her job. Kim is a lawyer who works long hours but has control over her work and a great office environment. Anne Crouter would say that: Select one: A. both Maribel and Kim's children are likely to do poorly in school. B. neither Maribel's nor Kim's children will be negatively affected by their mothers' jobs. C. Kim's children are likely to experience less effective parenting than Maribel's children. D. Maribel's children are likely to experience less effective parenting than Kim's children.

A. dysgraphia

Marshall writes very slowly and his handwriting is virtually illegible. He also makes numerous spelling errors because of his inability to match up sounds and letters. Marshall likely suffers from ________. Select one: A. dysgraphia B. dyspraxia C. dyslexia D. dyscalculia

A. rational thinking

Piaget called the second substage in preoperational thought intuitive because of the absence of the use of ________ by children in this stage. Select one: A. rational thinking B. symbolic function C. centration D. primitive reasoning Feedback

D. frontal

Researchers have found that in children from three to six years of age, the most rapid growth takes place in the_____ lobe areas of the brain. Select one: A. occipital B. temporal C. parietal D. frontal

A. is placed in as regular a classroom as possible.

Sadie has a learning disability and is being educated in the least restrictive environment possible. This means that Sadie: Select one: A. is placed in as regular a classroom as possible. B. is given great freedom and few rules. C. has significant input into the development of her educational goals. D. spends part of her time in a regular classroom and part of her time in a special education classroom.

B. are dramatic changes in local patterns within

Scientists have found that there ________ the brains of children between the ages of 3 and 15. Select one: A. are phenomenal increases in the overall size of B. are dramatic changes in local patterns within C. are insignificant anatomical changes in D. are hardly any internal metamorphisms within

A. Montessori approach

The ________ is a philosophy of education in which children are given considerable freedom and spontaneity in choosing activities. Select one: A. Montessori approach B. developmentally appropriate practice C. developmentally inappropriate practice D. child-centered kindergarten

A. whole

The ________-language approach stresses that reading instruction should parallel a child's natural language learning. Select one: A. whole B. remedial C. assisted D. complex

C. emotion-coaching

The children of ________ parents are better at soothing themselves when they get upset, more effective in regulating their negative affect, focus their attention better, and have fewer behavior problems than the children of emotion-dismissing parents. Select one: A. emotion-independent B. emotion-facilitator C. emotion-coaching D. emotion-encouraging

D. have a heterosexual orientation.

The overwhelming majority of children from gay or lesbian families: Select one: A. are also homosexual. B. are likely to be bisexual. C. grow up confused about their sexual orientation. D. have a heterosexual orientation.

A. divergent

The type of thinking that produces many answers to the same question is called ________ thinking. This kind of thinking characterizes creativity. Select one: A. divergent B. oblique C. finite D. convergent

C. are likely to develop moral behavior that includes helping others

Twice each month, Gini helps to serve dinner at the "Community Table," a program that assists homeless people in the town. She brings her two children, aged nine and eleven, with her and talks to them about the need to share time, food, and kindness with others who are less fortunate. Social cognitive theorists would say that Gini's children: Select one: A. are not likely to be impacted by this as their moral behavior is modeled on peers, not parents. B. will not benefit from these experiences until they are teens. C. are likely to develop moral behavior that includes helping others. D. will fail to model their behavior to their mother's unless they see some reward in it.

B. Metacognition

What is the exact term for a condition of limited mental ability in which the individual (1) has a low IQ, usually below 70 on a traditional intelligence test; (2) has difficulty adapting to the demands of everyday life; and (3) first exhibits these characteristics by age 18? Select one: A. Intellectual disability B. Metacognition C. Mindfulness D. Giftedness

A. zone of proximal development

When adults are working with young children, they often provide a lot of hints, assistance, instructions, and other support to help the children succeed. As the children indicate that they can do more for themselves, the adults begin to withdraw the support. This shows the adults' involvement in the children's: Select one: A. zone of proximal development B. process of centration. C. enhancement of intuitive reasoning. D. development of conservational abilities.

C. planfulness.

When experimenters ask children to judge whether two complex pictures are the same, preschool children tend to use a haphazard comparison strategy, not examining all of the details before making a judgment, exhibiting a lack of: Select one: A. conservation. B. attention to the salient. C. planfulness. D. centration.

D. empathy.

When her mother asks Selena why she feels so sad, Selena says it is because her best friend just lost her puppy. Selena is exhibiting: Select one: A. lack of perspective-taking. B. guilt. C. correspondence. D. empathy.

A. Reducing playground hazards

Which of the following can enhance a child's safety and reduce the likelihood of injury? Select one: A. Reducing playground hazards B. Reducing frequent parent protective behaviors C. Decreasing home/school partnerships D. Reducing pool fencing

D. Thought and language develop independently at first and merge later in development.

Which of the following describes what Lev Vygotsky believed about the development of thought and language? Select one: A. Thought depends on language, so they are merged throughout development. B. Thought and language are two separate functions that remain independent throughout development. C. Thought and language are merged early in development and later separate. D. Thought and language develop independently at first and merge later in development.

C. A combination of stimulant medication and behavior management

Which of the following has been often found to be better at improving the behavior of children with ADHD? Select one: A. A combination of stimulant medication and sedatives B. Primarily stimulant medication C. A combination of stimulant medication and behavior management D. Primarily behavior management

A. Encourage memorization rather than understanding of information

Which of the following is NOT an effective memory strategy? Select one: A. Encourage memorization rather than understanding of information B. Repeat with variations and link information early and often C. Encourage the use of mental imagery D. Encourage elaboration, or more extensive processing

C. They only provide for low-income families.

Which of the following is TRUE about Head Start programs? Select one: A. They focus on children of a particular ethnic origin. B. They are funded by the private corporate sector. C. They only provide for low-income families. D. They have negative effect on young children's language development.

D. For adolescents and adults, new vocabulary is easier to learn than new sounds or new grammar.

Which of the following is TRUE about second-language learning? Select one: A. Children's ability to pronounce words with a native-like accent in a second language typically increases with age. B. Sensitive periods for learning a second language are constant across different language systems. C. Adults tend to learn a second language slower than children, but their final level of second-language attainment is higher. D. For adolescents and adults, new vocabulary is easier to learn than new sounds or new grammar.

C. Vygotsky overemphasized the role of language in thinking

Which of the following is a criticism of Vygotsky's theory? Select one: A. Vygotsky particularly described how changes in socioemotional capabilities contribute to cognitive development, which is highly subjective. B. Vygotsky laid no emphasis on guidance, which plays an important role in learning. C. Vygotsky overemphasized the role of language in thinking. D. Vygotsky was specific about age-related changes and generalized all individuals.

C. Practical intelligence

Which of the following is a type of intelligence identified in Robert J. Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence? Select one: A. Spatial intelligence B. Verbal intelligence C. Practical intelligence D. Cultural intelligence

C. Time out, in which the child is removed from a setting that offers positive reinforcement.

Which of the following is an effective way of handling a child's misbehavior, according to most child psychologists? Select one: A. Instilling rigid household rules and meting out severe corporal punishment if those rules are broken. B. Shouting at the child just enough to get the point across. C. Time out, in which the child is removed from a setting that offers positive reinforcement. D. Mild spanking, calculated not to hurt the child.

D. The nature of the parents' work is a more important determinant of children's development than a parent working outside the home.

Which of the following is true of how parents' work affects the development of their children? Select one: A. Whether one or both parents work outside the home is critical to children's development. B. Children (especially girls) of working mothers engage in more gender stereotyping. C. Children of working mothers are less likely to develop a secure attachment to their parents. D. The nature of the parents' work is a more important determinant of children's development than a parent working outside the home.

D. Direct instruction in phonics is a key aspect of learning to read.

Which of the following statements represents the current thinking among increasing numbers of experts in the field of reading? Select one: A. The whole-language approach and the phonics approach are equally effective in teaching children to read. B. Direct instruction in the whole-language approach is a key aspect of learning to read. C. The morphological approach has been shown to be the best way to teach reading. D. Direct instruction in phonics is a key aspect of learning to read.

B. Birth order itself shows limited ability to predict behavior when all the factors that influence behavior are considered.

Why do more researchers think that birth order influences on child development have been emphasized too strongly? Select one: A. The pattern of birth order influences that scientists describe are largely speculation and are not based on evidence. B. Birth order itself shows limited ability to predict behavior when all the factors that influence behavior are considered. C. With continued study on birth order influences, the findings are bound to create self-fulfilling prophecies that will perpetuate birth-order. D. There are no clear patterns of birth order influences on personality.

A. low-income

Young children from ________ families are the most likely to develop iron deficiency anemia. Select one: A. low-income B. nuclear C. urban D. elementary

B. ADHD

________ is a disability in which children consistently show inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity over a period of time. Some children show a combination of these symptoms. Select one: A. EMDR B. ADHD C. OCD D. PTSD

B. Asperger syndrome

________ is a relatively mild autism spectrum disorder in which the child has relatively good verbal language, milder nonverbal language problems, and a restricted range of interests and relationships. Select one: A. Down syndrome B. Asperger syndrome C. ICF syndrome D. Fragile X syndrome

D. Constructive

________ play occurs when children engage in the self-regulated creation of a product or a solution. Select one: A. Pretense B. Social C. Collective D. Constructive