Ch. 8 Review - AP Bio

CAM plants keep stomata closed in daytime, thus reducing loss of water. They can do this because they A. fix CO2 into organic acids during night when temperatures are cooler B. obtain CO2 through their roots during the day C. fix CO2 into organic acids in the mesophyll cells D. fix CO2 into by combining it into RuBP

A

Compared to C3 plants, C4 plants _____. A) can continue to fix CO2 even at lower CO2 concentrations and higher oxygen concentrations B) have higher rates of photorespiration C) do not use rubisco for carbon fixation D) make a four-carbon compound, oxaloacetate, which is then delivered to the citric acid cycle in mitochondria

A

What does the chemiosmotic process in chloroplasts involve? A. establishment of a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane B. diffusion of electrons through the thylakoid membrane C. Reduction of water to produce oxygen D. Formation of glucose, using carbon dioxide, NADPH, and ATP

A

Where does the Calvin Cycle take place? A. Stroma of the chloroplast B. Thylakoid membrane C. Outer membrane of the chloroplast D. Interior of the thylakoid (thylakoid space)

A

Which of the following statements is a correct distinction between autotrophs and heterotrophs? A. Autotrophs, but not heterotrophs, can nurish themselves beginning with CO2 and other inorganic nutrients B. Only heterotrophs require chemical compounds from the environment C. Cellular respiration is unique to heterotrophs D. Only heterotrophs have mitochindria

A

A gardener is concerned that her greenhouse is getting too hot from too much light and seeks to shade her plants with colorer transluscent sheets, the color of which allows passage of only that wavelength. What color should she use to reduce light energy, but maximize plant growth? A. Green B. Blue C. Yellow D. Orange E. White

B

A plant has a unique photosynthetic pigment. The leaves of this plant appear a redish yellow. What wavelengths if visible light are being absorbed by this pigment? A. Red and Yellow B. Blue and Violet C. Green and Yellow D. Blue, Green, and Red E. Green, Blue, and Yellow

B

In mechanism, photophosphorylation is most similar to A. substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis B. Oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration C. Carbon fixation D. Reduction of NADP+

B

In the thylakoid membranes, what is the main role of the pigment molecules in a light-harvesting complex? A. split water and release oxygen to the reaction-center chlorophyll B. Transfer light energy to the reaction-center chlorophyll C. Synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate D. Transfer Electrons to NADPH

B

Some photosynthetic bacteria have only photosystem I, whereas other have both. Which of the following might be implied? A. photosystem II was selected against certain species B. photosynthesis with only photosystem I is ancestral C. Photosystem II may evolve to be more photoprotective

B

What is the relationship between wavelength of light and the quality of energy per proton? A. direct, linear relationship B. inversely related C. logerithmatically related D. varies throughout the spectrum

B

What would be the expected effect on plants if the atmospheric CO2 concentration was doubled? A. All parents experience increased photosynthesis B. c3 plants will grow faster, c4 plants will be minimally affected C. c4 plants will have faster growth, c3 plants will be minimally affected D. c3 plants will grow faster, c4 plants will grow slower

B

When oxygen is released as a result of photosynthesis, it is a direct by-product of A. Reducing NADP+ B. Splitting water molecules C. Chemiosmosis D. Electron transfer in photosustem I E. Electron transfer in photosystem II

B

Which of the following is directly associated with photosystem I? A. harvesting of light energy by ATP B. Recieving electrons from the thylakoid membrane electron transport chain. C. Generation of molecular oxygen D. Extraction of hydrogen electrons from the splitting of water

B

Which of the following sequences correctly represents the flow of electrons during photosynthesis? A. NADPH>O2>CO2 B. H2O>NADPH>Calvin cycle C. H2O>photosystem I>photosystem II D. NADPH>electron transport chain>O2

B

Carorenoids are often found in foods that are considered to have antioxidant properties in human nutrition. What related function do they have in plants? A. They are accesory pigments that narrow the spectrum. B. They protect the plant from UV radiation. C. They protect from oxidative damage from excessive light energy D. They absorb orange light, enhancing the efficiency.

C

Generation of proton gradients across membranes occurs during A. photosynthesis only B. cellular respiration only C. both D. neither

C

In an example of the Calvin cycle, 30,000 ATP are consumed, but only 20,000 NADPH are produced. What is the source of extra ATP? A. photosystem I B. photosystem II C. cyclic electron flow D. linear electron flow

C

In motochindria, the electron transport chain pumps protons from the matrix into the intermembrane space, whereas chloroplasts, the electron transport chain pumps protons from A. stroma to cytosol B. matrix to stroma C. stroma to thylakoid space D. intermembrane space to stroma E thylakoid space to stroma

C

In photosynthetic cells, synthesis of ATP by chemiosmosis occurs during A. photosynthesis only B. cellular respiration C. both D. photophosphorylation only

C

Photorespiration lowers the efficiency of photosynthesis by A. consuming excess carbon dioxide B. reducing the amount of water comsumed C. reducing the amount of sugar produced D. producing excess ATP, but less than NADPH E. inhibiting electron transfers from photosystem II

C

Reduction of oxygen to form water occurs during A. the light reactions of photosynthesis only B. Calvin cycle only C. cellular respiration only D. light reaction of photosynthesis and cellular respiration E. light reactions of photosynthesis and the calvin cycle

C

What are the products of linear electron flow? A. heat and flourescence B. ATP and water C. ATP and NADPH D. ADP and NADP+

C

What wavelengths of light should be used to maximize plant growth with a minimum of energy expenditure? A. Full spectrum white lights B. Green light C. A mixture of red and blue D. Yellow light E. UV light

C

Which of the following does not occur during the calvin cycle? A. Carbon fixation B. Oxidation of NADPH C. release of oxygen D. regeneration of the CO2 acceptor

C

Which process is most directly driven by light energy? A. creation of a pH gradient by punping protons across the thylakoid membrane B. Reduction of NADP+ molecules C. Removal of electrons from chlorophyll molecules D. ATP synthesis

C

In a plant cell, where are ATP synthase complexes located? A. thylakoid membranes only B. plasma membrane only C. Inner mitochondrial membrane only D. Thylakoid membrane and inner mitochindrial membranes E. Thylakoid membrane and plasma membrane

D

THe splitting of carbon dioxide to form oxygen gas and carbon components occurs during A. photosynthesis B. respiration C. both D. neither E. photorespiration

D

What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle? A. regenerate ATP for use in the light reactions of photosynthesis B. produce carbon dioxide for use in light reactions C. produce oxygen by oxidizing water D. Produce simple sugars from carbon dioxide

D

Which of the following activities is associated with photosystem II? A. Light energy excites electrons from the thylakoid membrane electron transport chain. B. Electrons released from P680 chlorophyll are replaced by electrons derived from water. C. the P680 chlorophyll donates a pair of electrons directly to NADP+, producing NADPH. D. Electrons are passed from the P680 chlorophyll to O2.

D

Which of the following statements about the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration is true? A. In thellular respiration the biochemical pathways of photosyntesis run in reverse. B. In photosynthesis the biochemical pathways of cellular respiration run in reverse. C. Cellular respiration occurs only in animals and photosynthesis occurs only in plants. D. Cellular respiration is catabolic and photosyntheis is anabolic.

D

Electron transport chains associated with ATP production in plant cells are located in A. The outer chloroplast membrane only B. thylakoid membrane only C. mitochindrial inner membrane only D. thylakoid and outer chloroplast membranes E. thylakoid and mitochindrial inner membranes

E

In chemiosmosis in mitochindria, protons flow from the intermembrane space into the matrix, whereas in chemiosmosis in chloroplasts, protons flow from A. Stroma into the cytosol B. Matrix into the stroma C. Stroma into the thylakoid membrane D. Intermembrane space into the stroma E. Thylakoid space into the stroma

E

Which of the following are the products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the Calvin cycle? A. CO2 and glucose B. H2O and O2 C. ADP, inorganic phosphate, and NADP+ D. Electrons and H+ E. ATP and NADPH

E