ch 9 + 10
All connected routes off a router have a distance or hop count of what value?
0
What are the four key issues in dynamic routing protocols?
1. Path determination 2. Metric 3. Convergence 4. Load balancing
What is the data rate of a T1 line?
1.544 Mbps
What is the bandwidth of a voice channel in the public switched telephone network?
300Hz to 3400Hz
What is the data rate of a DS-3 line?
44.736 Mbps
What happens if a DHCP server is not available?
A DHCP client will use a self-assigned IP address known as Automatic Private IP addressing (APIPA)
What networking function is required if the DHCP server is not on the same LAN? Why is this networking function required?
A DHCP relay is required because the computer doesn't have a routable address until one is assigned by the DHCP server.
What is a routing table?
A list of IP addresses where data traffic can be forwarded
Define discrete multitone.
A multicarrier technique used for transporting digital data over copper telephone lines. A test is initiated at startup to determine which of the 256 subchannel frequencies should be used to carry the digital data.
Cable modems use a technique called ranging. Define this term.
A technique used by the cable modems to determine the time it takes for data to travel to the cable head-end
Define fractional T1.
A term used to indicate that only a portion of the T1 bandwidth is being used
A CSU/DSU has a blue alarm. What does this indicate?
A total loss of the incoming signal
Which of the following is an example of a classful address?
a. 10.10.0.0 b. 192.168.0.0 c. 10.1.0.0 d. 10.0.0.0 <<<<<
Which is a disadvantage of a client/server network? (Select three.)
a. Client/server software and licenses can be expensive. b. Requires a network administrator. c. Network bandwidth/resource requirements.
What information is contained in the MT offer (DHCP Offer) packet? (Select three.)
a. Default gateway b. Leased time d. IP address of the domain name server
Which of the following is not a metric used in dynamic routing protocols?
a. Hop count b. Cost c. Runs <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< d. Ticks
OSPF is what? (Select all that apply.)
a. Open Shortest Path First routing protocol <<< b. An open protocol <<< c. Developed specifically for TCP/IP networks <<< d. Developed specifically for IPX networks e. A distance vector protocol f. A dynamic routing protocol g. A link state protocol <<< h. A high consumer of bandwidth
Which record specifies the email-handling server on the domain?
b. MX record
Which of the following is an advantage of a peer-to-peer network? (Select two.)
b. No centralized network administration c. Easy to set up network
Which record is used to identify a host or hosts that offer a specific type of service
b. SRV record
What is the PTR record? (select two)
c. The reverse of an "A" record d. Mapping of an IP address to a hostname
Which is true for the CNAME record?
d. Also called the canonical record a. Generally called an alias
Outbound data traffic Inbound data traffic
data exit network data enter network
What command enables a DHCP relay on a Cisco router?
ip helper [IP address of the DHCP server
What is the command on the router to enable the DHCP relay function?
ip helper [ip address of the DHCP server]
What is the router command to configure a static route from LAN A to LAN B for the network shown in Figure 9-13?
ip route 10.10.80.0 255.255.255.0 10.10.100.2
What is the router command used to configure a static route for a router?
ip route <destination> <subnet mask> <next hop>
What command is used to release a current IP address on a computer?
ipconfig/release
What command is used to initiate the DHCP process?
ipconfig/renew
Which command is used to view a PC computer's routing table?
netstat -r or route print
What is the router command to enable the RIP routing protocol on a router?
router rip
Write the commands to enable RIP on an interface with an IP address of 192.168.10.0.
router rip network 192.168.10.0
What is the router command used to view the routes entered into the router's routing table?
show ip route
What is the command used to display the router's current running configuration?
show run
Areas in the OSPF protocol are
used to partition a large network into small networks
What are the data rates for basic access service ISDN and the ISDN primary access channel?
Basic Access Service: 192Kbps Primary Access Channel: 1.544Mbps
How are BOOTP and DHCP related?
DHCP is a superset of BOOTP, and both use ports 67 and 68.
This international standard enables high-speed data transfers over the cable system.
DOCSIS
The command show ip route is used on a router to do which of the following?
Display the configured routes on a router.
The command show ip protocol is used on a router to do which of the following?
Display the routing protocols running on the router.
Define router flapping.
Intermittent routers that are going up and down, creating excessive LSA updates
What is an Extended Virtual Connection?
It is defined by the MEF as "an association of two or more UNIs," which essentially creates a logical path that connects two or more subscriber sites.
What is a Committed Information Rate?
It is used to guarantee the bandwidth the network must deliver.
In a distance vector protocol, the neighboring routers update their routing table based on what received information?
Its list of neighboring routers
Explain the difference between line of demarcation and point of presence.
Line of demarcation: The point where ownership of the communications equipment changes Point of presence: Defines the connection point to the communications carrier
In OSPF, route updates are sent in the form of which of the following?
Link state advertisements
Link state protocols issue what to update neighbor routers regarding route status?
Link state advertisements
What is the 127.0.0.1 IP address, and what is it used for?
Loopback; it loops data directly back to the source.
Define lease time.
The amount of time a client can hold the IP address
Why is the data transfer for V.92/V.90 called asymmetric operation?
The data-rate connection to the service provider is at V.34 speeds, whereas the data rate connection from the service provider is at V.90 speeds.
What is the most common static route used in a host computer?
The default gateway
The protocol analyzer shows that the average frame size of data packets being delivered to and from the campus network's Internet connection is 1203. Is this a reasonable average? Justify your answer
The frame size distribution for most networks is a lot of small packets and many more large packets. Ethernet packet sizes are limited to 1500 bytes; therefore, a frame average of 1203 is probably typical.
Why is packet 14 in the captured DHCP packets shown in Figure 10-17 (from earlier in the chapter) a broadcast
The host computer still doesn't have an IP address
Define hop count.
The number of routers the data packet must pass through to reach the destination
Define point of presence.
The point where the customer connects their network data traffic to the communications carrier
What is the difference in a router's running configuration and startup configuration?
The startup configuration is stored in NVRAM, whereas the running configuration file is temporary.
In regard to campus DHCP service, the IP address assignment is based on what?
The subnet where the computer is located
Define the telco cloud.
The telecommunications carrier switched network used to transport data to its destination
How does Carrier Ethernet differ from Metro Ethernet?
They are basically the same except Carrier Ethernet covers more than just the metropolitan area.
What is a gratuitous ARP broadcast?
This informs everyone on the network that it now is the owner of the IP address.
What is meant by a 0.0.0.0 network address entry with a subnet mask of 0.0.0.0 in a PC's routing table?
This is setting the gateway of last resort for any IP address and any subnet mask
What does it mean to advertise a network?
This means the routing table containing the network is shared with its neighbor routers.
What is the purpose of a wide area network connection?
To link remote sites and branch offices to the main network
Totally stubby areas
Totally stubby areas only use a default route to reach destinations external to the autonomous system.
Which of the following best defines how areas are used in the OSPF protocol?
Used to partition a large network into small networks.
What are the data speeds for V.44/V.34 and V.92/V.90?
V.34 (up to 33.6Kbps) V.90 (up to 56Kbps)
Which is not an advantage of OSPF?
Very easy to implement
Define routing loops.
When routers return the data packets back to the router that sent them
The OSPF routing protocol uses which of the following to verify that a link between two routers is active and the routers are communicating?
"Hello" packets
What is Metro Ethernet?
An extension of the Ethernet infrastructure beyond one's internal network infrastructure
BGP is considered to be which of the following?
An external routing protocol
What is ADSL and what are its data rates?
Asymmetric DSL: Up to 1.544Mbps from the user to the service provider and up to 8Mbps back to the user from the service provider
The command show ip interface brief is used on a router to do which of the following?
Check the current configuration of the interfaces. Check the assigned IP addresses for the interface. Check the status of the interfaces.
Which type of Carrier Ethernet service is the most popular due to its simplicity
The E-Line service type.
What information does NOC typically associate with an IP address?
The NOC database will have the MAC address, the IP address, and the name of the person who uses the computer.
Which of the following best characterizes variable-length subnet masks?
Minimize wasted IP address space when interconnecting subnets
A multihomed customer has which of the following?
More than one Internet connection
Define PPP and state its purpose.
Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) helps establish the dial-up connection, manages the data exchanges between the user and the RAS, and manages the data packets for delivery over TCP/IP.
What are the port numbers for the DHCP protocol?
Port 67: BOOTP-server Port 68: BOOTP-client
What is the purpose of a remote access server?
Provides a way for the outside user to gain access to a network
Which command do you enter to view the options for data encapsulation on a Cisco router (show the router prompt)?
Router (config-if)# encap ?
RIP permits a maximum of 15 hops to prevent what?
Routing loops
Which of the following is a key issue of link state protocols?
Send update when routing changes.
What is the difference between a static and a dynamic routing protocol?
Static means fixed routes. Dynamic means routing tables are dynamically updated to account for loss or changes in routes.
What is the easiest routing protocol to use for WAN links? What if there are multiple connections to the remote sites?
Static routes are the easiest; in the case of multiple connections to the remote sites, a dynamic routing protocol such as OSPF or EIGRP should be used.
Stubby areas
Stubby areas do not accept routes from the Internet.
