CH.25

bacteria may reproduce by

binary fission

some bacteria avoid being phagocytized by a host's immune system by means of a ________________

capsule/slime layer

a chain of round bacteria would be called:

cocci

name the 3 shapes of bacteria

cocci, bacilli, spirillium

____________ are dormant structures formed bacteria in response to adverse environmental conditions

endospores

within bacteria, small circles of DNA called ________ exists in addition to the bacterial chromosome.

plasmids

mad cow disease is an example of an infection caused by a

prions that affect the brains of cattle.

gram-positive bacteria would stain ___________ in a gram stain because of a thick layer of _____________ in their cell walls

violet; peptidoglycan

the bacterium that causes botulism disease is harmless until it

germinates

most bacterial cells keep from bursting in a hypotonic environment by _______________________________.

having a cell wall high concentration of dissolved solutes (peptidoglycan layer)

how does penicillin work?

it interderes with peptidoglycan synthesis, ultimately resulting in a fragile cell wall that cannot protect the cell; MOST EFFECTIVE IN GRAM+ bacteria