Ch.6 - Integumentary System
The exposed parts of nails and hair are composed of _______ keratinocytes.
dead
Motile cells in the dermis are called ______ cells.
dendritic
The nails, hair, and exocrine glands of the skin are known as ______.
epidermal appendages
What is the outermost layer of the skin?
epidermis
The main functions of the subcutaneous layer are which of the following? - provides thermal insulation - protects the body - to provide the skin with melanin to protect it from sunlight - acts as an energy reservoir
- provides thermal insulation - protects the body - acts as an energy reservoir
Epidermal dendritic cells are found in which of the following strata? Choose all that apply. - lucidum - spinosum - corneum - granulosum - basale
- spinosum - granulosum
What are the layers of the skin in order?
1. Stratum corneum 2. Stratum lucidum 3. Stratum granulosum 4. Stratum spinosum 5. Dermis
Name the integumentary layers in order: (the _____ contains the _____ and ____) Epidermis Dermis Papillary layer Reticular layer Subcutaneous layer
1. epidermis 2. papillary layer 3. dermis (contains 2 & 4) 4. reticular layer 5. subcutaneous layer
Function: Mesenchyme
Choice layer of embryonic cells that develops into the dermis
Function: Vernix caseosa
Choice waterproof protective covering composed of sebum and sloughed off cells
The main function of melanin pigment is to protect the ________ of keratinocytes from UV radiation.
DNA
True or false: The palms of the hands have more hair than the soles of the feet.
False the palms and souls do not have hair
______ glands are also called sweat glands.
Sudoriferous
Hemangiomas are ______ tumors.
benign
Nails are derived from the same type of cells that produce the stratum ______ layer of the epidermis.
corneum
First-degree burns involve only the ______ and are characterized by ______, pain, and slight edema (swelling).
epidermis; redness
Friction ridges on the tips of fingers are known as ______.
fingerprints
A mild sunburn with no blistering is an example of a ______-degree burn.
first
The most numerous cells of the epidermis are _____ and the protein they produce is called _______
keratinocytes, keratin
The first three strata of the epidermis consists of ______ keratinocytes and the most superficial strata contain ______ keratinocytes.
living; dead
In thick skin, there is an extra layer of epidermal cells. This layer is called the stratum ______.
lucidum
Scattered among the keratinocytes of the stratum basale are pigment-producing cells called ______.
melanocytes
The connective tissue fibers of the ______ layer of the dermis are extensively interwoven with those of the ______ layer to stabilize the position of the skin and bind it to the underlying tissues.
reticular; subcutaneous
When compressed, tactile cells release chemicals that stimulate ______ endings in the dermis.
sensory nerve
Classify the tissue type of the epidermis: keratinized ______ epithelium.
stratified squamous
The layer of the skin from which most new epidermal cells are derived from is the ______.
stratum basale
The most superficial layer of the epidermis is the ______.
stratum corneum
On many parts of the body, the components of the dermis include blood vessels, ________ glands, ______ glands, hair follicles, nail roots, sensory nerve endings, and smooth muscle tissue.
sweat (sudoriferous), oil (sebaceous)
The skin houses two types of general exocrine glands, which are ______ glands and ______ glands.
sweat; sebaceous
Scattered among the cells of the stratum basale are cells that are sensitive to touch. These sensory cells are called ______.
tactile cells
The skin is best described as ______.
water resistant
Each nail plate consists of a pinkish nail ______ and a distal whitish free ______.
body; edge
Fibrous tissue is also known as ______ tissue.
scar
In the development of embryonic skin, the ____ layer gives rise to the epidermis, and the _____ gives rise to the dermis.
basal, mesenchyme
There are four layers of cells in the epidermis of thin skin. From superficial to deep, these layers are stratum ______, stratum ______, stratum ______, and stratum basale.
corneum; granulosum; spinosum
When a person is severely burned, a primary danger is ________ because the individual has lost the protective skin barrier and water can escape from body tissues.
dehydration or infection
In addition to keratinocytes, the stratum spinosum also contains another epidermal cell type called epidermal ______ cells that help to fight infection.
dendritic
The subcutaneous layer is also known as the ______ or superficial fascia.
hypodermis
Function: Periderm
matches Choice layer of cells covering the developing embryonic epithelium
Hair is found almost everywhere on the body except the sides and ______ of the hands and fingers, the sides and ______ of the feet and toes, the lips, and portions of the external genitalia.
palms, soles
Sunscreen usage reduces the likelihood of ______.
skin cancer
After a stem cell divides in the stratum basale, the resulting daughter cell enters the stratum ______ and it begins to lose its ability to divide.
spinosum
In first-degree burns, the healing time averages about ______ days, and typically no scarring results.
3-5
True or false: Regeneration in the skin replaces damaged or dead cells with the same cell type and restores organ function.
True
True or false: The reason the cells of the stratum spinosum have a spiny appearance when viewed under a microscope is due to shrinkage of the cytoplasm.
True
True or false: Skin cancer can develop in people of any age.
True It is more common in children who had severe sunburns but can arise in anyone at any age.
