Chap 9: sampling methods
Which rate is calculated by multiplying the number of people participating in a study by the sample size of the study, multiplied by 100%? Refusal rate Attrition rate Retention rate Acceptance rate
Attrition rate Attrition rate is calculated by multiplying the number of people participating in a study by the sample size of the study, multiplied by 100%. Refusal rate is calculated by the number of people refusing to participate, divided by the number of people meeting sampling criteria, multiplied by 100%. Retention rate is calculated by multiplying the number of people completing the study by the sample size, multiplied by 100%. Acceptance rate is calculated by dividing the number of people participating by the number of people meeting the sample criteria, multiplied by 100%.
Which sampling methods achieve probability? Select all that apply. Some correct answers were not selected Quota sampling Cluster sampling Systematic sampling Theoretical sampling Convenience sampling Simple random sampling
Cluster sampling Systematic sampling Simple random sampling
When doing a research study with limited financial resources, which type of sampling would the nurse use to find subjects? Cluster sampling Convenience sampling Stratified random sampling Systematic random sampling
Cluster sampling When performing research with a limited budget, the nurse can obtain cluster sampling, which increases the sampling size without the need to search for research subjects. With convenience sampling, subjects are picked based on ease of access. Stratified random sampling allows the researcher to control some aspects of the subjects. Systematic random sampling involves the researcher choosing every nth subject.
power analysis:aka_____:r/t____::effect size:aka___:r/t______
statistical analysis:whether relationship exists or not::effect size:degree of relationsip b/t variables. mnemonic SIZE of relationship, analysis of any relationsip or not.
A researcher reports on a study conducted to determine if a new educational program has helped dialysis patients become more compliant with their fluid restrictions. The findings indicated that there was no difference. The report did include that a power analysis was performed to determine if the sample size (n = 100) was adequate. The power level was .5. What should the reader conclude?a. A sample of 100 is certainly adequate in a clinical study. The researcher should adjust the educational program.b. Chances are high that a Type I error has occurred.c. Findings of no difference are not surprising; it is difficult to make an impact on this population of patients.d. There is a high likelihood that the sample size was not adequate, and the study should be replicated using more subjects.
c. Findings of no difference are not surprising; it is difficult to make an impact on this population of patients.
When performing research, which type of sampling would be considered haphazard in finding subjects? Probability sampling Nonprobability sampling Simple random sampling Stratified random sampling
Nonprobability sampling
Which part of the qualitative research study will a nurse use to determine the sampling plan and initial sample size? Research topic Research purpose Research problem Problem statement
Research purpose
Which of the following study types would require the largest sample size?a. Correlationalb. Experimentalc. Grounded theoryd. Phenomenology
a. Correlational
which type of studies use natural settings?
descriptive, correlational, and qualitative.
What would prompt a researcher to question if a sample size is too small?
insignificant findings (ie nothing was found)
What is saturation and what type of study is it used in?
saturation indicates when the sample size is adequate based when the data collected reflects the data previously collected. it is used in qualitative studies.
What factors related to a study would increase the chances of obtaining no measureable result?
type two II due to low sample level.
What does the power and effect determine?
whether the sample size is adequate
Which p-value would render the results of a study statistically nonsignificant? 0.25 0.35 0.45 0.55
0.55 <.50 significant while >0.50 insignificant
Which variables are used in stratified random sampling? Select all that apply. Some correct answers were not selected Age Race Gender Diagnosis Sample size
Age Race Gender Diagnosis
Which item explains the absence of the sampling frame list in a quantitative study? Poor sampling plan Weak sample criteria Excessive number of sample participants
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act protects individuals' rights to privacy, making it difficult to retain a list of the sampling frame. Poor sampling plan is not a reason to not retain a list of the sampling frame. Weak sample criteria will not affect retaining a list of the sampling frame. An excessive number of sample participants is not a reason to not retain a list of the sampling frame
Which aspect describes how a sample size in a quantitative study would be analyzed if the power level is 90%? Acceptable Not adequate No significance Unable to analyze
In quantitative studies, a 90% sample size power level is considered acceptable. Not adequate levels would be less than 80%. Power levels less than 80% would be unacceptable and not significant. A power level of 90% is acceptable and can be analyzed.
Which factors are considered when determining the sample size for a qualitative study? Select all that apply. Quality of data Nature of the topic Design of the study Number of variables Sensitivity of measurement methods
Quality of data Nature of the topic Design of the study Also stratified sample The number of variables and sensitivity of measurement methods are factors considered for a quantitative study.
In quantitative research, which sampling method strongly represents the target population that increases with sample size? Cluster Systematic Stratified random Simple random sampling
Stratified random
The nurse is preparing a research project at a health care facility on urinary catheter-acquired infections. Which type of sampling would the nurse use in this project? Random sampling Stratified random sampling Systematic random sampling Simple random sampling with a computerized random number generator
Stratified random sampling The nurse would incorporate stratified random sampling because certain factors have to be included. The nurse would only assess those patients who acquired infections from having a urinary catheter in place. This technique is used when the researcher knows some of the variables. Random sampling is not appropriate because the nurse is assessing certain patients. Systematic random sampling is not done, as the nurse is looking at all patients with urinary catheter-acquired infections, not just some patients. The nurse is not using a computer to determine which patients will be used in the project.
If all the samples are taken from the same population, which relationship will occur between within-group variance and between-group variance? They will be identical. The variables will exhibit high difference. The variables will exhibit little difference. There will be no relationship between the two.
The variables will exhibit little difference.
The nurse is preparing a research study to evaluate cancer prevention habits in older adults. The nurse is having difficulty obtaining a large enough sample size. Which reason is the most important for obtaining larger groups in health care research? To prevent researcher bias To obtain a diverse population To make evidence-based decisions To provide random sampling in participants
To make evidence-based decisions
Which of the following statements is true about stratified random sampling?a. Allows the researcher to use a smaller sample sizeb. Ensures obtaining a larger sample at lower costc. Internal validity is strengthened with this type of samplingd. Involves the selection of certain subjects from a convenience sample
a. Allows the researcher to use a smaller sample
Which of the following is true about sample size?a. An adequate sample size is particularly important to detect differences when they do in fact exist.b. Evaluating the possibility of a Type I error will help determine sample size.c. Finding a significant difference in study groups occurs most often with smaller samples.d. Sample size is especially important to support significant findings.
a. An adequate sample size is particularly important to detect differences when they do in fact exist.
The population from which the researcher selects the actual study sample is referred to as the:a. accessible population.b. scientific population.c. target population.d. theoretical population.
a. accessible population. target population is the group reserchers are trying to get while accessible is the ones who they do get.
Which of the following types of studies would need the largest sample size?a. Case studiesb. Descriptive studiesc. Experimental studiesd. Quasi-experimental studies
b. Descriptive studies
A researcher wanting to explore the lives of women newly diagnosed with breast cancer obtains a random sample of the population. What part of the study will be strengthened because of the random sample?a. Feasibilityb. Reliabilityc. Statistical powerd. Validity
d. Validity
What sampling measurement uses the greek alpha?
power analysis
