Chapter 1 Anatomy and Physiology
Thoracic Cavity
Abdominopelvic cavity, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity
Lateral
Away from midline
Distal
Away from point of attachment
Anatomy
Shape and structure of an organism's body and the relationship of one body part to another
Superior or inferior
above, or below another
Posterior or dorsal
back, in back of
masagittal plane
equal right and left parts
Right and Left lumbar
extend from anterior to posterior
Hypogastric
(lower) pubic area
Right and Left iliac
Also called right and left inguinal areas
Two branches or Microscopic Anatomy
Cytology and Histology
Comparative Anatomy
Different bod parts and organs of humans can be studied with regard to similarities and differences with other animals in the animal kingdom
Physiology
Function of each body part and how the functions of various parts coordinate to form a complete living organism
Embryology
Part of Developmental Anatomy; Studies formation of an organism from fertilized egg to birth
Developmental Anatomy
Studies the growth and development of an organism during its lifetime
Gross Anatomy
Study of large and easily observable structures of an organism; visible with naked eye
Systemic Anatomy
Study of structure of various organs or parts that comprise a particular organ system
Neurology
Study of the nervous system
Dorsal Cavity
brain, spinal cord, cranial cavity, spinal cavity
catabolism
breaking down
anabolism
building up
Anterior or ventral
front, in front of
metabolism
functional activities of the cell that result in growth, repair, energy release, use of food, and secretions
Dermatology
hair, skin, nails
Cephalic or caudal
head end, or tail end
Transverse (cross section)
horizontal; divides body into upper and lower parts
right and left hypochondriac
just below the ribs
movement
muscle system
Superficial/External and internal
on or near the surface or deep inside
Microscopic Anatomy
refers to the use of microscopes to enable one to see the minute details or organ parts.
sagittal plane
right and left parts
Anatomical Position
standing erect, face forward, arms at side, palms forward
Endocrinology
study of the endocrine system/hormonal system
Cytology
study of the structure, function, and development of cells within body parts
Histology
study of tissues and organs that makeup the entire body of an organism
Homeostasis
the ability for the body to regulate its internal environment within narrow limits; negative feedback system
Proximal
toward point of attachment
Medial
towards midline
Coronal (frontal plane)
vertical at right angles to the sagittal plane
Umbilical
(middle) located around the naval
epigastric region
(upper) just below sternum
5 Branches of anatomy
-Gross -Microscopic -Developmental -Comparative -Systemic
