Chapter 1 Anatomy and Physiology

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Thoracic Cavity

Abdominopelvic cavity, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity

Lateral

Away from midline

Distal

Away from point of attachment

Anatomy

Shape and structure of an organism's body and the relationship of one body part to another

Superior or inferior

above, or below another

Posterior or dorsal

back, in back of

masagittal plane

equal right and left parts

Right and Left lumbar

extend from anterior to posterior

Hypogastric

(lower) pubic area

Right and Left iliac

Also called right and left inguinal areas

Two branches or Microscopic Anatomy

Cytology and Histology

Comparative Anatomy

Different bod parts and organs of humans can be studied with regard to similarities and differences with other animals in the animal kingdom

Physiology

Function of each body part and how the functions of various parts coordinate to form a complete living organism

Embryology

Part of Developmental Anatomy; Studies formation of an organism from fertilized egg to birth

Developmental Anatomy

Studies the growth and development of an organism during its lifetime

Gross Anatomy

Study of large and easily observable structures of an organism; visible with naked eye

Systemic Anatomy

Study of structure of various organs or parts that comprise a particular organ system

Neurology

Study of the nervous system

Dorsal Cavity

brain, spinal cord, cranial cavity, spinal cavity

catabolism

breaking down

anabolism

building up

Anterior or ventral

front, in front of

metabolism

functional activities of the cell that result in growth, repair, energy release, use of food, and secretions

Dermatology

hair, skin, nails

Cephalic or caudal

head end, or tail end

Transverse (cross section)

horizontal; divides body into upper and lower parts

right and left hypochondriac

just below the ribs

movement

muscle system

Superficial/External and internal

on or near the surface or deep inside

Microscopic Anatomy

refers to the use of microscopes to enable one to see the minute details or organ parts.

sagittal plane

right and left parts

Anatomical Position

standing erect, face forward, arms at side, palms forward

Endocrinology

study of the endocrine system/hormonal system

Cytology

study of the structure, function, and development of cells within body parts

Histology

study of tissues and organs that makeup the entire body of an organism

Homeostasis

the ability for the body to regulate its internal environment within narrow limits; negative feedback system

Proximal

toward point of attachment

Medial

towards midline

Coronal (frontal plane)

vertical at right angles to the sagittal plane

Umbilical

(middle) located around the naval

epigastric region

(upper) just below sternum

5 Branches of anatomy

-Gross -Microscopic -Developmental -Comparative -Systemic


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