Chapter 1: Homework

Living organisms contain unique chemical elements which are not found in non-living systems.

False

Scientists have successfully sequenced the entire genome of humans but have not yet sequenced the entire genome of any other species.

False

Cells are composed of chemicals and both the structure and function of cells are regulated by the basic principles of chemistry.

True

Living systems are governed by the same principles of chemistry and physics that govern non-living systems.

True

Living systems are the most complex chemical systems on earth.

True

The energy conversions that take place in living systems are governed by the same laws of thermodynamics that govern non-living systems.

True

Your microwave will not turn on, and you speculate that a circuit breaker in the house has been tripped. In scientific terminology, the steps would be described as:

developing a hypothesis based on an observation

A biological community together with its physical habitat constitutes a(n) ______________.

ecosystem

Different cell types develop in a multicellular organism because each cell has its own unique set of genes.

false

Evolutionary conservation explains the diversity of life.

false

If I look at 10 skin cells from my hand, each one will have a nucleus.

false

Information stored in inorganic molecules is used to direct the synthesis of cellular components.

false

Only onion cells have a nucleus.

false

Organisms are closed systems that require an input of energy in order to maintain their high level of complexity and organization.

false

Some cells have a nucleus.

false

The onion cells I looked at have a nucleus.

false

The unity of living systems arises through evolutionary change.

false

1. The level of organization that is more complex than an atom but less complex than an organelle is a(n) _______________.

molecule

Underlying similarities in biochemistry and genetics support the idea that all life evolved from a single ancestor.

true

Molecules in different organisms that perform the same function are likely to have a similar structure.

true

Darwin's theory of evolution is supported by many modern pieces of evidence. Check all that apply.

- New measurements of the age of the earth - An understanding of the mechanism is heredity - Similarities in DNA of related species

Based on hierarchical levels of biological organization, which of these choices represents the broadest level?

Amazon Basin

Based on hierarchical organization, place the living systems in order from smallest to largest.

1 - Blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) 2 - Blue wildebeests 3 - Blue wildebeests and Black wildebeests 4 - Blue wildebeests, Black wildebeests, crocodiles, acacia trees 5 - Maasai Mara

Based of hierarchical organization - put these structures in order from smallest to largest.

1 - Myosin protein 2 - Skeletal muscle cell 3 - Skeletal muscle tissue 4 - Biceps brachii muscle 5 - Muscular system

Based on the hierarchical organization, order these terms from smallest to largest.

1 - carbon 2 - water 3 - DNA 4 - mitochondria 5 - skin cell

Recent discoveries of microscopic fossils have extended the known history of life to about:

3.5 billion years ago

In order to carry out essential life functions such a growth, development, and movement, a duck must eat.

Energy utilization

In 1980, scientists determined that 2% of the honey bees in Texas had a gene that makes them more aggressive. By 2005, the frequency of this gene in the Texas honeybee population had increased to 15%.

Evolution

The body temperature of a dog is more stable than the temperature of its environment.

Homeostasis

A cat composed of organ system, which are composed of organs, which are composed of tissues, which are composed of cells.

Ordered complexity

Why was the determination of the actual sequence of the human genome considered to be descriptive science?

It did not involve hypothesis-driven research.

A bacterial cell divides to form two new cells.

Reproduction

The roots of a plant grow toward a source of water.

Sensitivity

An input of energy is required to maintain the complexity of living systems.

True

It is known that many trees lose their leaves in response to decreasing day length. As a result, you think that Gingko trees may also lose their leaves in response to decreasing day length. This statement is an example of:

a hypothesis

Multiple independent experiments have demonstrated that phytochrome helps trigger seasonal change responses in the plant such as changing color and loosening of leaves. Plants have the ability to adapt to seasonal changes in their surroundings. This statement is an example of:

a theory

Plants are raised under artificial lights turned off and on by an electric clock. Some are given long periods of light, others short periods. This is an example of:

an experiment

Living organisms and non-living systems have numerous characteristics in common, but only organisms...

are composed of cells

Differences in domesticated animals over relatively short periods of time most likely occur through:

artificial selection

The simplest level of organization that can carry out all of the functions of life is a(n) __________.

cell

In California, a species of salamanders were geographically separated over time. The group that lived in southern California relied heavily on large gold blotches on their skin that helped to camouflage them from predators. The group that lived along the coast adopted a color pattern that mimicked a poisonous, colorful newt common to that area. Instead of being camouflaged, these salamanders advertised their colors. What type of selection process has occurred over time?

natural selection

Darwin's book in which he described his views on evolution is:

on the Origin of Species

Your brain is an example of a(n) ____________.

organ

2. Molecules may be assembled into a microscopic structure called a(n) ____________ which carries out specific functions within a cell.

organelle

A group of organisms that belong to the same species and live in the same place is called a(n) _______________.

population

A __________ is a group of similar cells that act as a functional unit.

tissue

All cells have a nucleus.

true

All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.

true

All onion cells have a nucleus.

true

Cells process information stored in their DNA as well as information they receive from the environment.

true

Homeostasis is possible because elaborate signaling networks coordinate the activities of different cells within an organism.

true