chapter 1 mastering

Mrs. Nguyen was sitting in the front passenger seat and hit her head on the windshield. Doctors suspect internal bleeding, which could be putting pressure on her brain. Which of the following medical imaging techniques would be best for quickly locating any bleeding?

Computed tomography (CT)

Which of the following is true regarding the anatomical position?

Directional terminology refers to the body in this position.

Select the statement that best describes how the woman landed when she fell from the motorcycle.

When she fell off the motorcycle, her right arm must have been forced over her head because of the torn nerve in her axillary region and bone damage to the acromial region.

The __________ region of the body consists of the head and trunk.

axial

transports blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and wastes

cardiovascular system

Identity one function of the organ system illustrated here.

carries fluid from body tissues back to the blood vascular system

When many molecules come together to form organelles that become compartmentalized into a single structure that works as a unit, you have an example of the

cellular level

Oxygen and hydrogen combine with one another to form water; this is an example of the __________ of organization.

chemical level

Bones lie __________ to muscles.

deep

Knowledge of this branch of anatomy helps one understand the complex design of the adult human body and helps to explain birth defects.

embryology

The organs shown here make up the __________.

endocrine system

What is the advantage of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) over positron emission tomography (PET)?

fMRI pinpoints smaller brain areas, does not use radioactive tracers, and works faster.

This branch of anatomy explores how organs and body structures work and assesses the efficiency of their design.

functional morphology

This is the study of body structures that can be examined with the naked eye-bones, lungs, and muscles for example.

gross anatomy

This is the study of microscopic structures including cells, tissues, and microscopic details of organs.

histology

synthesizes vitamin D

integumentary system

The right nostril and right ear are __________.

ipsilateral

Which advanced imaging technique is capable of distinguishing body tissues on the basis of differences in water content, and makes bones "invisible"?

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

The sternal region is __________ to the axillary region.

medial

produces heat

muscles

The small intestine contains epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue. The combination of these different tissue types to form one discrete structure is an example of the

organ level

The pituitary gland, adrenal gland, and other hormone-producing organs all work together to help the body send hormones through the blood stream and respond to internal changes. This is an example of the

organ system level

Identify the membranes that line the cavity surrounding the lungs.

parietal and visceral pleura

The heart is surrounded by the

pericardium

The ____ is a membrane that surrounds and suspends organs within the abdominal cavity.

peritoneum

A single lung is contained within a

pleural cavity

This branch of anatomy studies internal body structures by means of MRI, sonography, and other imaging techniques.

radiographic anatomy

keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen

respiratory system

Patients with appendicitis often complain of abdominal pain in the right lower abdominopelvic quadrant. The appendix itself is in the__________.

right iliac region

Use the illustration to identify the abdominal quadrants in which the stomach is located.

right upper quadrant and left upper quadrant

produces blood cells

skeletal system

Which of the following best represents an example at the organ level?

stomach

This is the study of shapes and landmarks that reveal underlying organs.

surface anatomy

The lungs and heart are housed within the

thoracic cavity

Muscle fibers are cells that contain actin, myosin, and other accessory proteins. When these cells are collected together, they can all function as a unit, carrying out the shortening capabilities of muscle. When multiple cells with a similar function come together, it is an example of the

tissue level

The proximal convoluted tubule is a structure within the kidney nephron that plays a significant role in the reabsorption of important products that have been filtered from the blood. One of the key features of this structure is its lining. The cells that line the tubule are responsible for the transport of substances across the membrane. These cells and their collective efforts would be an example of which of the following levels?

tissue level

Which organs might have been damaged by the lap seatbelts?

urinary bladder and small intestine

regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of the blood

urinary system

The dorsal body cavity is completely encased in bone and includes the cranial cavity housing the brain as well as the _________, which houses the spinal cord.

vertebral cavity

6. The portion of serous membrane that covers the outer portion of an organ is the

visceral serosa

The doctor tells Mr. Nguyen that there is a break to one of the vertebrae in the cervical region of his vertebral column. He is surprised to hear this, as he can move all of his body parts just fine. Why might a break to a cervical vertebrae not necessarily result in paralysis?

The vertebral column is made up of vertebrae. A force that is strong enough to damage vertebrae may not necessarily damage the spinal cord.