Chapter 1 Psych

behaviorism

What school of psychology arose in the United States in the 1920s and is associated with the idea that, in order to be a true science, psychology had to move away from the study of the mind?

developmental and social psychology

Which area of study is one of the American Psychological Association's foundational areas of contemporary psychology?

positive psychology

Which perspective emphasizes human strengths and how humans attain happiness?

generalizable

​A case study involving a person with 53 different personalities, although valuable in some ways, is unlikely to be ____.

before he gave the meat powder, when he rang the bell

​After pairing the sound of a bell with giving meat powder, Pavlov noticed that his dogs salivated ____.

test and assess student abilities

​As opposed to educational psychologists, school psychologists are more likely to ____.

observable actions

​Behaviorism emphasizes the study of ____.

control or manipulate

​Causal hypotheses can only be tested when the researcher has the ability to ____ the main variables of the study.

behaviorism

​Dr. Ali is a psychologist who believes that psychology should not attempt to understand the mind, but rather focus on understanding the observable actions that people and animals engage in. Dr. Ali's point of view is most compatible with the approach to psychology known as ____.

number of aggressive acts observed

Consider an experiment in which participants watch various types of TV programming and are then observed while playing a physical game to determine the number of aggressive acts they commit. In this example, the dependent variable would be the ____.

predicting behavior

​Dr. Haupt has discovered that often, abusive parents themselves had parents who used harsh physical punishment on them. Having discovered this will most likely allow Dr. Haupt to fulfill which goal of psychology?

An experiment

​Dr. Townsend wants to test the hypothesis that being tall for your age predicts that you will be shy. Which of the following types of research would Dr. Townsend be least likely to use?

introspection

​Edward Titchener is most associated with ____.

still has to follow the ethical guidelines set forth by the APA and federal government

​LaDonna is a researcher who studies the behavior of rats. LaDonna ____.

mental processes

​Like Wilhelm Wundt's structuralism, Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory emphasized ____.

integrate several perspectives

​Most psychologists take an eclectic approach in terms of the perspectives of psychology they use to explain behavior and mental processes. This means that they ____.

confounding

​Problematic variables that can lead to alternative explanations for the results of a study are called ____ variables.

using the scientific method

​Psychologists attempt to understand behavior and mental processes by ____.

naturalistic observations

​Reactivity presents the biggest problem in ____.

social

​Susanne is a psychologist who studies love and romantic attraction. She is most likely a ____ psychologist.

mary calkins

​The first female president of the American Psychological Association was ____.

manipulate one variable to see its effect on another variable

​The point of an experiment is to ____.

participants may withdraw at any time in a study

​When may research participants withdraw from a study?

It is the variable that the experimenter manipulates

​Which statement is TRUE regarding the independent variable in an experiment?

structure of our mental experiences

​Wundt attempted to detail the ____.