Chapter 1 test chem
The distance between carbon atoms in ethylene is 134 picometers. Which of the following expresses that distance in meters?
1.34 × 10^-10 m
The average distance from Earth to the Sun is 150 megameters. What is that distance in meters?
1.5 × 108 m
Acetone, which is used as a solvent and as a reactant in the manufacture of Plexiglas®, boils at 56.1°C. What is the boiling point in degrees Fahrenheit?
133°F
The appropriate number of significant figures in the result of 15.234 - 15.208 is
2
In an average year, the American chemical industry produces more than 9.5 million metric tons of sodium carbonate. Over half of this is used in the manufacture of glass while another third is used in the production of detergents and other chemicals. How many pounds of sodium carbonate are produced annually?
2.2 × 106 lb
Isopropyl alcohol, commonly known as rubbing alcohol, boils at 82.4°C. What is the boiling point in kelvins?
355.6 K
The appropriate number of significant figures in the result of 15.234 × 15.208 is
5
Which of the following correctly expresses 52,030.2 m in scientific notation?
5.20302 × 104 m
The mass of a sample is 550 milligrams. Which of the following expresses that mass in kilograms?
5.5 × 10^-4 kg
Select the best statement about chemistry before 1800.
Lavoisier's quantitative work on the role of oxygen in combustion was the beginning of modern chemistry.
You prepare 1000. mL of tea and transfer it to a 1.00 quart pitcher for storage. Which of the following statements is true?
The pitcher will be completely filled and a small amount of tea will overflow.
A detailed explanation of natural phenomena that is generally accepted and has been extensively tested is called a
Theory
The ripening of fruit, once picked, is an example of physical change.
false
When applying the scientific method, it is important to avoid any form of hypothesis.
false
The SI unit of speed (velocity) is
m/s
Which of the following is an extensive property of oxygen?
mass
Which of the following abbreviations of the given SI base unit is incorrect?
mole: m
Water vapor is less dense than ice because
molecules in the gas phase have more space between them than in solids.
An important aim in much chemical work is to use macroscopic measurements in order to gain an understanding of the microscopic world.
true
The number 6.0448, rounded to 3 decimal places, becomes 6.045.
true
The potential energy of a car moving on a level road does not depend on its speed.
true
When applying the scientific method, a model or theory should be based on experimental data.
true
Which one of the following is a "substance" in the sense of the word as used in your textbook?
water
If the price of gold at the morning fixing in London was $5310 per lb, what would a kilogram of gold have cost in £ (pounds)? (Assume an exchange rate of $1.00 = £0.545)
£6370
Talc is a mineral that has low conductivity for heat and electricity and that is not attacked by acid. It is used as talcum powder and face powder. A sample of talc weighs 35.97 g in air and 13.65 g in mineral oil (d = 1.75 g/cm3). What is the density of talc?
2.82 g/cm3
Which of the following is a chemical change?
broiling a steak on a grill
The density of mercury, the only metal to exist as a liquid at room temperature, is 13.6 g/cm3. What is that density in pounds per cubic inch?
0.491 lb/in^3
Which of the following correctly shows how to convert a density of 20.1 g cm-3 to units of kg m-3?
(1cm)^3/(0.01)^3
Chemical changes always produce substances different from the starting materials.
...
Which one of the following numbers contains a digit or digits which is/are not significant?
.0043
The result of (3.8621 × 1.5630) - 5.98 is properly written as
0.06.
Given that 1 inch = 2.54 cm, 1 cm3 is equal to
0.0610 in^3
A flask has a mass of 78.23 g when empty and 593.63 g when filled with water. When the same flask is filled with concentrated sulfuric acid, H2SO4, its mass is 1026.57 g. What is the density of concentrated sulfuric acid? (Assume water has a density of 1.00 g/cm3 at the temperature of the measurement.)
1.840 g/cm3
The joule is the SI unit of energy and is equal to 1 kg m2 s-2. The erg is another energy unit, equal to 1 g cm2 s-2. Use unit conversion methods to work out how many ergs are in 1 joule.
107 ergs
The SI prefix mega- (M) means
10^6
The area of a 15-inch pizza is 176.7 in2. Express this area in square centimeters.
1140. cm2
Acetic acid boils at 244.2°F. What is its boiling point in degrees Celsius?
117.9°C
The speed needed to escape the pull of Earth's gravity is 11.3 km/s. What is this speed in mi/h?
25,300 mi/h
Select the answer with the correct number of decimal places for the following sum: 13.914 cm + 243.1 cm + 12.00460 cm =
269.0 cm
A dose of medication was prescribed to be 35 microliters. Which of the following expresses that volume in centiliters?
3.5 × 10^-3 cL
If the density of a certain spherical atomic nucleus is 1.0 × 1014 g cm-3 and its mass is 2.0 × 10-23 g, what is its radius in cm?
3.6 × 10^-13 cm
Which of the following correctly expresses 0.000007913 g in scientific notation?
7.913 × 10^-6 g
Express 96,342 m using 2 significant figures.
9.6 × 104 m
As part of an experiment to determine the density of a new plastic developed in her laboratory, Sara Ann Dippity measures the volume of a solid sample. Her four trials yield volumes of 12.37 cm3, 12.41 cm3, 12.39 cm3, and 12.38 cm3. Measurements of other scientists in the lab give an average volume of 12.49 cm3. Which of the following statements represents the best analysis of the data?
Sara's results have greater precision than accuracy.
The difference between a student's experimental measurement of the density of sodium chloride and the known density of this compound reflects the ___________ of the student's result.
accuracy
The number 6.0448, rounded to 2 decimal places, becomes 6.05.
false
The numerical value of any temperature expressed in Celsius is always different from the numerical value of the same temperature in Fahrenheit.
false
Which of the following is not an SI base unit?
gram
A dictionary has the following definition for a word: "A tentative explanation that accounts for a set of facts." Which of the following words best fits that definition?
hypothesis
Which of the following activities is not a part of good science?
indulging in speculation
The symbol for the SI base unit of mass is
kg
During the swing of a frictionless pendulum, what energy form(s) remain constant?
kinetic plus potential energy
A scientist made careful measurements of the pressure and temperature of many different gases. Based on these measurements, he concluded that "the pressure of a fixed amount of gas, measured at constant volume, is directly proportional to its absolute temperature." This statement is best described as a
law
A student makes several measurements of the density of an unknown mineral sample. She then reports the average value of these measurements. The number of significant figures she uses in her result should be a measure of its
precision
The most significant contribution to modern science made by alchemists was
their widespread acceptance of observation and experimentation.
A large pizza has a diameter of 15 inches. Express this diameter in centimeters.
38 cm
The weight of a coin measured as 1.96235 g on one balance is definitely more accurate than a weight measurement of 1.95 g on another balance.
False
Which of the following represents the largest volume?
100 mL
Select the answer that expresses the result of this calculation with the correct number of significant figures and with correct units. 16.18 cm × 9.6114 g ÷ 1.4783 cm2 =
105.2 g/cm
At a pressure of one billionth (10-9) of atmospheric pressure, there are about 2.7 × 1010 molecules in one cubic centimeter of a gas. How many molecules is this per cubic meter?
2.7 × 10^16
The average distance between the Earth and the Moon is 240,000 miles. Express this distance in kilometers.
6.1 × 105 km
Which measurement is expressed to 4 significant figures?
62.40 g
The numerical value of any temperature expressed in Celsius is always different from the numerical value of the same temperature in kelvin.
True
When a wooden match burns in air, chemical potential energy is converted to kinetic energy.
True