Chapter 10 BIO 111 Review

Imagine you found a hypothetical organism. You examine one of its gametes and you see that it contains 5 chromosomes. How many chromosomes will one of its body cells contain just before mitosis begins?

10

If a horticulturist breeding gardenias succeeds in having a single plant with a particularly desirable set of traits, which of the following would be her most probable and efficient route to establishing a line of such plants?

Clone the plant asexually to produce an identical one.

The somatic cells of a privet shrub each contain 46 chromosomes. To be as different as they are from human cells, which have the same number of chromosomes, which of the following must be true?

Genes of privet chromosomes are significantly different from those in humans.

Which of the following happens during meiosis I?

Homologous chromosomes of a pair are separated from each other.

For the following question(s), match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below.I. prophase I V. prophase IIII. metaphase I VI. metaphase IIIII. anaphase I VII. anaphase IIIV. telophase I VIII. telophase IISynaptonemal complexes form or are still present.

I only

For the following question(s), match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below.I. prophase I V. prophase IIII. metaphase I VI. metaphase IIIII. anaphase I VII. anaphase IIIV. telophase I VIII. telophase IIHomologous chromosomes are aligned at the equator of the spindle.

II. Metaphase I

A given organism has 46 chromosomes in its karyotype. We can therefore conclude which of the following?

Its gametes must have 23 chromosomes.

When homologous chromosomes cross over, what is the result?

Specific proteins break the two strands of nonsister chromatids and re-join them.

How do cells at the completion of meiosis compare with cells that have replicated their DNA and are just about to begin meiosis?

They have half the number of chromosomes and one-fourth the amount of DNA.

During mitosis or meiosis, sister chromatids are held together by proteins referred to as cohesins. Such molecules must have which of the following properties?

They must be removed before sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes can separate.

For the following question(s), match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below.I. prophase I V. prophase IIII. metaphase I VI. metaphase IIIII. anaphase I VII. anaphase IIIV. telophase I VIII. telophase IICentromeres of sister chromatids disjoin and chromatids separate.

VII. Anaphase II

Which of the following types of cells would be produced by meiosis?

a haploid animal cell

If an organism is diploid and a certain gene found in the organism has 18 known alleles (variants), then any given organism of that species can/must have which of the following?

at most, 2 alleles for that gene

Here i am representing a duplicated chromosome. What structure is represented by my waist where I am joined to my twin?

centromere

In a human karyotype, chromosomes are arranged in 23 pairs. If we choose one of these pairs,

length, centromere position, staining pattern, and traits coded for by their genes

If you look through a microscope and see a cell with chromosomes lined up two by two, what stage of cellular reproduction must you be looking at?

meiosis I only

At which stage of mitosis are chromosomes usually photographed in the preparation of a karyotype?

metaphase

Of the two processes we learned about which is going on in my hand right now

mitosis

To visualize and identify meiotic cells at metaphase I with a microscope, what would you look for?

pairs of homologous chromosomes all aligned at the cell's center

When we see chiasmata under a microscope, that lets us know that which of the following processes has occurred?

prophase I

Which of the following events occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis?

synapsis of chromosomes

Which of the following descriptions correctly defines a genome?

the complete set of an organism's genes

Independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis is a result of

the random and independent way in which each pair of homologous chromosomes lines up at the metaphase plate during meiosis I.

Imagine I've taken a snapshot of the chromosomes in a hypothetical cell. Two chromosomes lined up. You and your twin and your friends and her twin. Part of that snapshot looks like this. What stage of the lifecycle must that cell be in?

the start of meiosis I